Stage-Discharge Models for Concrete Orifices: Impact on Estimating Detention Basin Drawdown Time
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VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 12
Abstract
Thick-walled concrete orifices are widely used to control outflow rates from stormwater detention basins. There are limited data on stage-discharge relationships for such orifices, particularly for low head and partially full conditions that are relevant to extended detention applications for water quality control. This paper presents laboratory and field testing of stage-discharge relationships for concrete orifices under such conditions. Steady-state and transient drainage curve experiments were conducted in a horizontal flume, and a detention basin with a multistage concrete outlet structure was instrumented to collect drawdown data in the field. For fully submerged conditions, the orifice equation with single-valued discharge coefficient () does not fit the experimental data, and a model is proposed with increasing nonlinearly from to as submergence increases. For partially submerged conditions, an equivalent rectangular weir model provided good fit to the laboratory and field data. The effect of four different orifice models on basin drawdown time was investigated through simulation of a series of synthetic basin and outlet structure configurations. The details of how partially full orifice flow is modeled are important to simulated basin drawdown times; in particular, both linearly interpolated tabular stage-discharge data and other widely-used detention basin software can significantly underestimate drawdown times.
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Acknowledgments
Lafayette College students including Patrick Kelley, Corey Cattano, Meghan Kelly, Michael Marin, Alec Bernstein, Brian Carey, Kyle Fritz, and the late Bryan Hendrickson contributed to data collection in the early phases of the research. Harry Folk and the Lafayette College machine shop are thanked for technical assistance with the laboratory experiments. Bud Newton and the Newton Engineering Group provided support for WTB. The comments of two anonymous reviewers improved the final paper.
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Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 141 • Issue 12 • December 2015
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 16, 2015
Accepted: Apr 23, 2015
Published online: Jun 9, 2015
Discussion open until: Nov 9, 2015
Published in print: Dec 1, 2015
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