Analytical Determination of Distribution Uniformity for Microirrigation Tapered Laterals Laid on Uphill and Horizontal Slopes
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 6
Abstract
The uniform distribution of water delivered through microirrigation emitters on a lateral line is an important objective that greatly affects a system’s efficiency. Among the various uniformity parameters, distribution uniformity (DU) is one of the most frequently used indexes in industry. In this study, an easy-to-use analytical method for directly calculating the DU of tapered microirrigation laterals laid on horizontal or uphill slopes is developed. The proposed equations are derived assuming that the system’s hydraulic characteristics and the ground slope are the only factors affecting the DU. A comparison test with a numerical stepwise solution indicates that the proposed analytical method is reasonably accurate and can be used to evaluate the system uniformity. The results also show that the accuracy of the method increases as the total number of outlets increases or the value of the emitter exponent approaches unity.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Anyoji, H., and Wu, I. P. (1987). “Statistical approach for drip lateral design.” Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 30(1), 187–192.
Apaydin, H., and Yildirim, O. (2005). “Graphical method for determining lateral and manifold pipe diameters in drip irrigation.” Irrig. Drain., 54(2), 145–154.
Barragan, J., Bralts, V., and Wu, I. P. (2006). “Assessment of emission uniformity for micro-irrigation design.” Biosyst. Eng., 93(1), 89–97.
Bralts, V. F., Barragan, J., and Wu, I. P. (1987). Drip irrigation design and evaluation based on the statistical uniformity concept, Vol. 4, D. Hillel, ed., Academic, New York, 67–117.
Bralts, V. F., Wu, I. P., and Gitlin, H. M. (1981). “Manufacturing variation and drip irrigation uniformity.” Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 24(1), 1234–1240.
Christiansen, J. E. (1942). “Irrigation by sprinkling.”, Univ. of California, Davis, CA.
Hart, W. E., and Reynolds, W. N. (1965). “Analytical design of sprinkler systems.” Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 89(8), 83–85.
Hathoot, H. M., Al-Amoud, A. I., and Mohammad, F. S. (1993). “Analysis and design of trickle-irrigation laterals.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 119(5), 756–767.
Kang, Y. H., and Nishiyama, S. (1995). “Hydraulic analysis of microirrigation submain units.” Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 38(5), 1377–1384.
Keller, J., and Bliesner, R. D. (1990). Sprinkler and trickle irrigation, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Keller, J., and Karmeli, D. (1974). “Trickle irrigation design parameters.” Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 17(4), 678–684.
Million, J., and Yeager, T. (2011). “Measuring the irrigation requirement of container-grown nursery plants.”, Univ. of Florida, 〈http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/EP/EP45800.pdf〉 (Nov. 26, 2012).
Nakayama, F. S., Bucks, D. A., and Clemmens, A. J. (1979). “Assessing trickle emitter application uniformity.” Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 22(4), 816–821.
Sadeghi, S. H., and Peters, R. T. (2011). “Modified G and GAVG correction factors for laterals with multiple outlets and outflow.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng.,137(11), 697–704.
Streeter, V. I., and Wylie, B. E. (1983). Fluid mechanics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Valiantzas, J. D. (1998). “Analytical approach for direct drip lateral hydraulic calculation.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 124(6), 300–305.
Valiantzas, J. D. (2002a). “Continuous outflow variation along irrigation laterals: Effect of the number of outlets.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 128(1), 34–42.
Valiantzas, J. D. (2002b). “Hydraulic analysis and optimum design of multidiameter irrigation laterals.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 128(2), 78–86.
Valiantzas, J. D. (2003). “Closure to ‘continuous outflow variation along irrigation laterals: Effect of the number of outlets.’” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 129(5), 386–390.
Valiantzas, J. D. (2005). “Discussion of ‘Linear solution for hydraulic analysis of tapered microirrigation laterals’ by G. Yildirim, and N. Ağıralioğlu.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 130(1), 78–87.
von Bernuth, R. D. (1990). “Simple and accurate friction loss equation for plastic pipe.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 116(2), 294–298.
Warrick, A. W. (1983). “Interrelationships of irrigation uniformity terms.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 109(3), 317–332.
Warrick, A. W., and Yitayew, M. (1988). “Trickle lateral hydraulics. I: Analytical solution.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 114(2), 281–288.
Yildirim, G. (2007). “An assessment of hydraulic design of trickle laterals considering effect of minor losses.” Irrig. Drain., 56(4), 399–421.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 5, 2012
Accepted: Nov 28, 2012
Published online: Dec 1, 2012
Published in print: Jun 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.