Effects of Magnetized Water on Soil Chemical Components underneath Trickle Irrigation
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 12
Abstract
Magnetized water has been studied by many researchers. However, to date, there is no study about the effects of magnetized water on soil chemical characteristics such as cations and anions in trickle irrigation. This study was performed at Gorgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Gorgan Province, Iran, to investigate soil chemical characteristics under trickle irrigation using magnetized water. Two main treatments of magnetic and nonmagnetized water, and three subtreatments of irrigation water salts, including well water as control and addition of 1 or calcium carbonate () to irrigation water, were used. The experiment was laid out with a completely randomized block design with three replications. The results showed that mean soil cations (such as calcium, sodium, and magnesium) and anions (such as bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate) at soil depths of 0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm below the emitter for magnetized irrigation water treatment were lower than those with nonmagnetized irrigation water treatment, and the differences were significant (). With experiments that continued to the end of the season, the effect of magnetized water was increased. Therefore, soil moisture for each irrigation in magnetized irrigation water was higher than nonmagnetized irrigation water and caused high leaching of soil salt so that this effect was significant. The use of magnetized water is recommended for trickle irrigation to reclaim soils with high cations and anions content such as calcium, sodium, and bicarbonate.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by Isfahan University of Technology and Gorgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. This assistance is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Baker, J. S., and Judd, S. J. (1996). “Magnetic amelioration of scale formation.” Water Res., 30(2), 247–260.
Barrett, R. A., and Parsons, S. A. (1998). “The influence of magnetic fields on calcium carbonate precipitation.” Water Res., 32(3), 609–612.
Beckett, P. H. T. (1964). “Studies on soil potassium.” J. Soil Sci., 15(1), 24–33.
Bogatin, J., Bondarenko, N. P., Gake, E. Z., Rokhinson, E. E., and Ananyev, I. P. (1999). “Magnetic treatment of irrigation water: Experimental results and application conditions.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 33(8), 1280–1285.
Chibowski, E., Szcześ, A., and Hołysz, L. (2005). “Influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and static magnetic field on the properties of freshly precipitated calcium carbonate.” Langmuir, 21(18), 8114–8122.
Gabrielli, C., Jaouhari, R., Maurin, G., and Keddam, M. (2001). “Magnetic water treatment for scale prevention.” Water Res., 35(13), 3249–3259.
Ghauri, S. A., and Ansari, M. S. (2006). “Increase of water viscosity under the influence of magnetic field.” J. Appl. Phys., 100(6), 066101–066101-2.
Higashitani, K., Kage, A., Katamura, S., Imai, K., and Hatade, S. (1993). “Effects of a magnetic field on the formation of particles.” J. Colloid Interface Sci., 156(1), 90–95.
Higashitani, K., and Oshitani, J. (1997). “Measurements of magnetic effects on electrolyte solutions by atomic force microscope.” Process Saf. Environ., 75(2), 115–119.
Inaba, H., Saitou, T., Tozaki, K., and Hayashi, H. (2004). “Effect of the magnetic field on the melting transition of and measured by a high resolution and supersensitive differential scanning calorimeter.” J. Appl. Phys., 96(11), 6127–6132.
Iwasaka, M., and Ueno, S. (1998). “Structure of water molecules under 14 T magnetic field.” J. Appl. Phys., 83(11), 6459–6461.
Kenya, A. D., and Parsons, S. A. (2006). “A spectrophotometer-based study of magnetic water: Assessment of ionic versus surface mechanisms.” Water Res., 40, 517–524.
Madsen, H. E. L. (1995). “Influence of magnetic field on the precipitation of some inorganic salts.” J. Cryst. Growth, 152(1–2), 94–100.
Marcus, Y., and Rashin, A. (1994). “A simple empirical model describing the thermodynamics of hydration of ions of widely varying charges, sizes, and shapes.” Biophys. Chem., 51(2–3), 111–127.
Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., Khoshravesh, M., Mousavi, S. F, and Kiani, A. R. (2011). “Effects of magnetized water and irrigation water salinity on soil moisture distribution in trickle irrigation.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 137(6), 398–402.
Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., Mansouri, H., Mousavi, S. F., and Feizi, M. (2009). “Effects of different levels of irrigation water salinity and leaching on yield and yield components of wheat in an arid region.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 135(1), 32–38.
Parsons, S. A., Wang, B. L., Judd, S. J., and Stephenson, T. (1997). “Magnetic treatment of calcium carbonate scale—Effect of pH control.” Water Res., 31(2), 339–342.
Shani, U., and Dudley, L. M. (2001). “Field studies of crop response to water and salt stress.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 65(5), 1522–1528.
Srivastava, S. C., Lal, P. B. B., and Sharma, B. N. (1976). “Application of solar energy in conjunction with magnetized water to boost food output.” National Solar Energy Convention, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India, 248–250.
Yamamoto, I., Matsumoto, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Shimazu, Y., and Ishikawa, F. (1998). “Magnetic field effects on sol-gel phase changes in aqueous polymers.” Physica B, 246(1–4), 408–411.
Zhou, K. X., Lu, G. W., Zhou, Q. C., Song, J. H., Jiang, S. T., and Xia, H. R. (2000). “Monte Carlo simulation of liquid water in a magnetic field.” J. Appl. Phys., 88(4), 1802–1805.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 15, 2011
Accepted: May 21, 2012
Published online: May 23, 2012
Published in print: Dec 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.