Multilayer Velocity Model Predicting Flow Resistance of Aerated Flows Down Grass-Lined Spillway
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 10
Abstract
Grass-lined spillways are flow conveyance structures with environmental benefits. The stability of such spillways has been typically assessed considering soil erosion, but the design of grass-lined spillways based on hydraulic considerations has rarely been conducted. While subcritical flows in channels with grass have been studied extensively, studies of velocities and flow resistance in supercritical flows in spillways are limited. Herein, this experimental study investigated the application of a multilayer velocity model for supercritical self-aerated flows on a spillway with submerged artificial grass. Velocities were measured with a pitot tube and dual-tip air–water flow conductivity probe, providing the most systematic assessment of velocities and flow resistance in supercritical vegetated flows to date. The velocity distributions were well described with a multilayer velocity model previously developed for subcritical flow conditions, and a constant interfacial velocity supplemented the observed supercritical aerated free-surface layer. Based on this velocity model, explicit expressions for the mean flow velocity and the friction factor were developed for grass-lined spillways, which were also applicable for subcritical flow conditions with comparable vegetation cover. The flow resistance model provides a theoretically developed design option for grass-lined spillways that is solely based on vegetation properties and hydraulic boundary conditions.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. For practical applications, a MATLAB version R2020b code for the simultaneous solution of mean velocity and clear water flow depth is available at https://github.com/MatthiasKramer/Flow-resistance-on-vegetated-chutes.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Rob Jenkins and Larry Paice (WRL, UNSW Sydney) for their technical assistance.
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Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 10 • October 2022
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© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Sep 27, 2021
Accepted: May 5, 2022
Published online: Jul 28, 2022
Published in print: Oct 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Dec 28, 2022
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