Comprehensive Drought Assessment Tool for Coastal Areas, Bays, and Estuaries: Development of a Coastal Drought Index
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Volume 26, Issue 1
Abstract
The interface of freshwater and saltwater plays an important role in the economic and social dynamics along the coast and estuaries. Droughts in coastal areas have ecological impacts and affect socioeconomic dynamics and public health. In this study, we developed a bivariate and multivariate drought index that can quantify and indicate drought conditions in coastal, bay, and estuarine areas by integrating the meteorological and hydrological drought variables. The bivariate coastal drought index (BCDI) was developed using copula theory, which includes streamflow and salinity levels in the bay areas. Further, the entropy-weighted Euclidean distance method was used to develop the multivariate coastal drought (MCDI) index using precipitation, salinity, and streamflow datasets. Both the BCDI and MCDI were able to capture the major drought events occurring in the southeast region (2000, 2007, and 2011–2012) of the United States. Correlation analysis showed that both the BCDI and MCDI were highly correlated with the standardized univariate drought indices. One of the better features of the MCDI was that it was able to capture the dynamics and trends of the variables involved and, thus, was a better indicator of droughts in the coastal regions. Hit rates and false alarm ratios showed that both the indices were able to capture the droughts in coastal regions. The coastal drought indices developed in the study can be used by the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) and other agencies as drought indicators for coastal regions, along the coastal regions, estuaries, and bays in the United States.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or codes generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request. Precipitation datasets for the location were procured from the PRISM climate group (http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/); streamflow datasets were obtained from the United States Geological Survey–National Water Information System (USGS–NWIS), and salinity datasets were obtained from the National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) (http://cdmo.baruch.sc.edu/get/export.cfm).
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to acknowledge the funding provided by the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) for this study.
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Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 26 • Issue 1 • January 2021
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© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Oct 10, 2019
Accepted: Apr 7, 2020
Published online: Oct 24, 2020
Published in print: Jan 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Mar 24, 2021
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