Comparative Study of CPTU and SDMT in Liquefaction-Prone Silty Sands with Ground Improvement
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 6
Abstract
Following the 2012 Emilia-Romagna seismic sequence, widespread liquefaction of silty sands was observed, providing the opportunity to enhance our knowledge of the influence of fines content on seismic hazard and mitigation works. This paper presents the results of a thorough geotechnical investigation performed in connection with full-scale controlled blast tests in Bondeno, Italy, a small village that suffered liquefaction in 2012. Piezocone (CPTU) and seismic dilatometer (SDMT) tests were performed in natural and improved soils after rammed aggregate pier (RAP) treatment to a depth of 9.5 m to provide accurate soil characterization, evaluate liquefaction, and verify the effectiveness of the ground improvement. The combined use of piezocone (CPTU) and flat dilatometer (DMT) data provided reliable estimates of the overconsolidation ratio and at-rest earth pressure coefficient and highlighted the soil improvement in silty sands between 4 and 9 m in depth. Shear-wave velocity measurements showed a low sensitivity to RAP installation. The treatment effectiveness was also confirmed by the use of the simplified procedures for liquefaction assessment, underlining the important influence of the adopted fines profile and by the blast-induced liquefaction. CPTU and DMT parameters remained approximately unchanged between the piers after the detonation.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data include in situ and laboratory test results.
Acknowledgments
The study was primarily funded by Geopier Foundation Company (Davidson, North Carolina). A special thanks also to Releo s.r.l. (Ferrara, Italy), who provided the installation of the rammed aggregate piers. The in situ testing campaign was carried out by CIRI Edilizia e Costruzioni, University of Bologna, Italy, under the research project TIRISICO (“Tecnologie Innovative per la riduzione del rischio sismico delle Costruzioni”, Project No. PG/2015/ 737636, POR-FESR 2014-2020). Financial contributions to this research activity were provided by INGV-FIRB Abruzzo project (“Indagini ad alta risoluzione per la stima della pericolosità e del rischio sismico nelle aree colpite dal terremoto del 6 aprile 2009”), by INGV-Abruzzo Region project (“Indagini di geologia, sismologia e geodesia per la mitigazione del rischio sismico”, L.R. n. 37/2016), and by Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna within AlmaIdea research project (2017, Scient. Resp. Laura Tonni). Special thanks to Brigham Young University for contributing to the realization of the blast test experiment in terms of personnel and technical equipment; to Professor Marco Stefani (University of Ferrara, Italy) for kindly sharing scientific information of the studied area; to Michele Perboni, who kindly guested the experimental activities; to the Bondeno Municipality and to the Emilia-Romagna Region (Luca Martelli), who provided all the necessary support to realize the research in collaboration with the other local authorities.
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Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 6 • June 2022
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Received: Nov 2, 2020
Accepted: Jan 25, 2022
Published online: Mar 29, 2022
Published in print: Jun 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Aug 29, 2022
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