Bearing Capacity of Shallow Footings in Simulated Lunar Environments Using Centrifuge Tests
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 7
Abstract
Geotechnical engineering preparation is essential for successful lunar exploration due to the distinct differences in the environment between the Earth and the Moon. In particular, the bearing capacity of the lunar surface is an important index related to the landing of lunar probes. This study suggests two experimental methods using a centrifuge and lunar simulant for simulating the reduced-gravity environment of the Moon and investigates the influence of low gravity on the bearing capacity of shallow footings. First, the effects of footing size and gravity on the bearing capacity are investigated through a series of loading tests performed under various conditions of footing size and centrifugal acceleration. Then a predictive equation for the bearing capacity of shallow footings on the lunar surface is suggested. Finally, centrifuge model tests for directly simulating lunar prototype footings are performed for comparison with the suggested bearing capacity equations of shallow footings on the lunar surface, and the reliability of simulating the gravity of the Moon is verified.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by a grant from the Geotechnical Engineering Preparations for Lunar Exploration: Soil Mechanics with Lunar Soil and Laboratory Demonstration of Lunar Environments, which is funded by the Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology. This research was also supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (Grant No. 2014R1A6A3A04056405). The authors acknowledge the KREONET service provided by Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information.
References
Costes, N. C., G. T. Cohron, and D. C. Moss. 1971. “Cone penetration resistance test—An approach to evaluating in-place strength and packing characteristics of lunar soils.” In Vol. 2 of Proc., Lunar and Planetary Science Conf., 1973–1987. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Crabtree, J., J. L. Klosky, R. Gash, and D. Miller. 2008. “Helical anchors: Lateral resistance for shaping the lunar surface.” In Proc., Earth and Space 2008: Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments, 1–10. Reston, VA: ASCE.
De Beer, E. E. 1963. “The scale effect in the transposition of the results of deep-sounding tests on the ultimate bearing capacity of piles and caisson foundations.” Geotechnique 13 (1): 39–75. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1963.13.1.39.
De Beer, E. E. 1965. “Bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations on sand.” In Proc., Symp. on Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Foundation, 15–33. Durham, NC: Duke Univ.
De Beer, E. E. 1987. “Analysis of shallow foundations.” Chap. 6 in Geotechnical modeling and applications, edited by S. M., Sayed, 212–321. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.
Durgunoglu, H. T., and J. K. Mitchell. 1973. Static penetration resistance of soils. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
Gaudin, C., D. J. White, N. Boylan, J. Breen, T. Brown, S. De Catania, and P. Hortin. 2009. “A wireless high-speed data acquisition system for geotechnical centrifuge model testing.” Meas. Sci. Technol. 20 (9): 095709. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/20/9/095709.
Hansen, J. B. 1970. A revised and extended formula for bearing capacity., 21. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danish Geotechnical Institute.
Heiken, G., D. Vaniman, and B. M. French. 1991. Lunar sourcebook: A user’s guide to the Moon. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Houston, W. N., J. K. Mitchell, and W. D. Carrier III. 1974. “Lunar soil density and porosity.” In Vol. 5 of Proc., Lunar and Planetary Science Conf., 2361–2364. New York: Pergamon Press.
Kim, D. S., N. R. Kim, Y. W. Choo, and G. C. Cho. 2013. “A newly developed state-of-the-art geotechnical centrifuge in Korea.” KSCE J. Civ. Eng. 17 (1): 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-1350-5.
Klosky, J. L. 1997. “Behavior of composite granular materials and vibratory helical anchors.” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder.
Ko, H. Y. 1988. “Summary of the state-of-the-art in centrifuge model testing.” Centrifuges in soil mechanics, edited by W. H. Craig, R. O. James, and A. N. Schofield, 11–18. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.
Meyerhof, G. G. 1950. “The bearing capacity of sand.” Ph.D. thesis, London, UK: Univ. of London.
Meyerhof, G. G. 1963. “Some recent research on the bearing capacity of foundations.” Can. Geotech. J. 1 (1): 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1139/t63-003.
Mitchell, J. K., L. G. Bromwell, W. D. Carrier, N. C. Costes, and R. F. Scott. 1972. “Soil mechanical properties at the Apollo 14 site.” J. Geophys. Res. 77 (29): 5641–5664. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB077i029p05641.
Muhs, H. 1965. “On the phenomenon of progressive rupture in connection with the failure load: Discussion.” In Vol. 3 of Proc., 6th Int. Conf. of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Engineering, 419–421. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
Nakashima, H., et al. 2010. “Discrete element method analysis of single wheel performance for a small lunar rover on sloped terrain.” J. Terramech. 47 (5): 307–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2010.04.001.
Ryu, B., Y. Baek, Y. Kim, and L. Chang. 2015. “Basic study for a Korean lunar simulant (KLS-1) development.” J. Korean Geotech. Soc. 31 (7): 53–63. https://doi.org/10.7843/kgs.2015.31.7.53.
Schmertmann, J. H. 1970. “Shallow foundations.” In Practical foundation engineering handbook, edited by R. W. Brown, 2nd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Schofield, A. N. 1980. “Cambridge geotechnical centrifuge operations.” Geotechnique 30 (3): 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1980.30.3.227.
Taylor, R. N. 1995. “Centrifuges in modelling: Principles and scale effects.” In Geotechnical centrifuge technology, 19–33. London: Blackie.
Terzaghi, K. 1943. “Bearing capacity.” In Theoretical soil mechanics, 118–143. New York: Wiley.
Trautmann, C. H., and F. H. Kulhawy. 1988. “Uplift load-displacement behavior of spread foundations.” J. Geotech. Eng. 114 (2): 168–184. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1988)114:2(168).
Ueno, K., K. Miura, and Y. Maeda. 1998. “Prediction of ultimate bearing capacity of surface footings with regard to size effects.” Soils Found. 38 (3): 165–178. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.38.3_165.
Vesic, A. S. 1965. “Ultimate loads and settlements of deep foundations in sand.” In Proc., Bear. Cap. Sett. Found., 53–68. Durham, NC: Duke Univ.
Vesic, A. S. 1973. “Analysis of ultimate loads of shallow foundations.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. 99 (1): 45–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(74)90598-1.
Xu, W., B. Liang, C. Li, Y. Liu, and W. Qiang. 2009. “A review on simulated micro gravity experiment systems of space robot.” Robot 31 (1): 88–96.
Zhu, F., J. I. Clark, and R. Phillips. 2001. “Scale effect of strip and circular footings resting on dense sand.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 127 (7): 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:7(613).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 144 • Issue 7 • July 2018
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 25, 2017
Accepted: Jan 17, 2018
Published online: May 12, 2018
Published in print: Jul 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Oct 12, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.