Cyclic Plasticity Model Applied to Pile Foundations in Sand
This article has been corrected.
VIEW CORRECTIONPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 5
Abstract
The lateral response of pile foundations in sand is commonly analyzed using the beam on nonlinear Winkler foundation (BNWF) assumption, with load transfer behavior often characterized by the API sand relationship (where is lateral resistance, and is relative displacement between the soil and pile). This relationship was developed for static loading conditions, with cyclic correction factors intended to represent degradation due to many slow loading cycles. However, the model is often applied for dynamic loading conditions (e.g., earthquake shaking) because suitable alternatives have not been formulated. This paper demonstrates that the API sand functional form is not ideal for dynamic analysis of piles, and presents a new functional form that better captures the nonlinear behavior of piles in sand during earthquake loading. The new functional form is developed using bounding surface plasticity theory and implemented in an open-source finite-element modeling platform that is freely available to users. The proposed model is shown to capture the experimental response of a pile from a centrifuge test program using calibrated model parameters.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research reported in this paper was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government [Ministry of Science, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Future Planning (MSIP) No. 2011-0030040].
References
API (American Petroleum Institute). (1993). “Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms.”, 20th Ed., Washington, DC.
Bolton, M. D. (1986). “The strength and dilatancy of sands.” Geotechnique, 36(1), 65–78.
Boulanger, R. W., Kutter, B. L., Brandenberg, S. J., Singh, P., and Chang, D. (2003). “Pile foundations in liquefied and laterally spreading ground during earthquakes: Centrifuge experiments and analyses.”, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, CA.
Brandenberg, S. J., Wilson, D. W., and Rashid, M. M. (2010). “Weighted residual numerical differentiation algorithm applied to experimental bending moment data.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 854–863.
Brandenberg, S. J., Zhao, M., Boulanger, R. W., and Wilson, D. W. (2013). “ plasticity model for nonlinear dynamic analysis of piles in liquefiable soil.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1262–1274.
Dafalias, Y. F. (1986). “Bounding surface plasticity. I: Mathematical foundation and hypoplasticity.” J. Eng. Mech., 966–987.
Darendeli, M. (2001). “Development of a new family of normalized modulus reduction and material damping curves.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX, 249–272.
Dobry, R., Abdoun, T., O’Rourke, T., and Goh, S. H. (2003). “Single piles in lateral spreads: Field bending moment evaluation.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 879–889.
Gazetas, G., and Dobry, R. (1984). “Horizontal response of piles in layered soils.” J. Geotech. Eng., 20–40.
Hardin, B. O., and Drnevich, V. P. (1972). “Shear modulus and damping in soils: Measurement and parameter effects.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 98(SM6), 603–624.
Kagawa, T., and Kraft, L. M. (1980). “Seismic response of flexible piles.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 106(GT8), 899–918.
Kim, D. S., Kim, N. R., Choo, Y. W., and Cho, G. C. (2013a). “A newly developed state-of-the-art geotechnical centrifuge in Korea.” J. Civ. Eng., 17(1), 77–84.
Kim, D. S., Lee, S. H., Choo, Y. W., and Perdriat, J. (2013b). “Self-balanced earthquake simulator on centrifuge and dynamic performance verification.” J. Civ. Eng., 17(4), 651–661.
Lee, S. H., Choo, Y. W., and Kim, D. S. (2013). “Performance of an equivalent shear beam (ESB) model container for dynamic geotechnical centrifuge tests.” Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 44, 102–114.
Matlock, H. (1970). “Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay.” Proc., 2nd Annual Offshore Technology Conf., Houston, 577–594.
Matlock, H., Foo, S. H., and Bryant, L. L. (1978). “Simulation of lateral pile behavior.” Earthquake engineering and soil dynamics, ASCE, Reston, VA, 600–619.
McGann, C., Arduino, P., and Mackenzie-Helnwein, P. (2011). “Applicability of conventional relations to the analysis of piles in laterally spreading soil.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 557–567.
McKenna, F., Scott, M. H., and Fenves, G. L. (2010). “Nonlinear finite-element analysis software architecture using object composition.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 95–107.
OpenSees [Computer software]. Berkeley, CA, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Rollins, K. M., Lane, J. D., and Gerber, T. M. (2005). “Measured and computed lateral response of a pile group in sand.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 103–114.
Simo, J. C., and Hughes, T. J. R. (1998). Computational inelasticity, Springer, New York.
Varun, V. (2010). “A nonlinear dynamic macroelement for soil structure interaction analyses in liquefiable sites.” Ph.D. thesis, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta.
Yamada, S., Hyodo, M., Orense, R. P., Dinesh, S. V., and Hyodo, T. (2008). “Strain-dependent dynamic properties of remolded sand-clay mixtures.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 972–981.
Yang, E. K., Choi, J. I., Kown, S. Y., and Kim, M. M. (2011). “Development of dynamic backbone curves for a single pile in dense sand by 1 g shaking table tests.” J. Civ. Eng., 15(5), 813–821.
Yoo, M. T., Choi, J. I., Han, J. T., and Kim, M. M. (2013). “Dynamic curves for dry sand by dynamic centrifuge tests.” J. Earthq. Eng., 17(7), 1082–1102.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 141 • Issue 5 • May 2015
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 10, 2013
Accepted: Nov 7, 2014
Published online: Jan 29, 2015
Published in print: May 1, 2015
Discussion open until: Jun 29, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.