Behavior of Weathered Soil under Combined Undrained Cyclic-Monotonic Loading
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 21, Issue 4
Abstract
Liquefied soils are considered as soils devoid of any strength or having only limited strength. Post-liquefaction shear behavior of soil before the drainage of excess pore pressure is important in predicting the immediate performance of foundation and soil structures subjected to liquefying loads. In the present study, the post-cyclic undrained behavior of weathered silty sand was examined under triaxial test conditions. The soil showed complete strength recovery after subjecting it to monotonic shearing up to large strains. The post-liquefaction shear behavior was mostly determined by the amount of excess pore pressures that developed during cyclic loading. The cyclic load amplitude and shear strain did not seem to have an effect on the post-cyclic shear behavior. Post-cyclic shearing showed that with sufficient strain the soil recovered its original strength even without dissipation of any excess pore pressure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Fund of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2018R1A6A1A08025348) and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport (Grant No. 20SCIP-B119947-05) of the Republic of Korea, and we express our gratitude to them.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- N
- number of cycles;
- p′
- mean effective stress;
- initial mean effective stress;
- q
- deviator stress;
- ru
- excess pore pressure ratio;
- ru,peak
- maximum excess pore pressure ratio;
- γ
- shear strain;
- γmax
- maximum shear strain;
- Δu
- excess pore pressure;
- ɛa
- axial strain;
- ρdry,c
- dry density after consolidation; and
- τ
- shear stress.
References
Castro, G. 1975. “Liquefaction and cyclic mobility of saturated sands.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div. 101 (6): 551–569.
Castro, G., and S. J. Poulos. 1977. “Factors affecting liquefaction and cyclic mobility.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 103 (6): 501–516.
Cubrinovski, M., T. Kokusho, and K. Ishihara. 2006. “Interpretation from large-scale shake table tests on piles undergoing lateral spreading in liquefied soils.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 26 (2–4): 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2005.02.018.
Dash, S. R. 2010. “Lateral pile–soil interaction in liquefiable soils.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Engineering Science, Univ. of Oxford.
Dobry, R., V. Taboada, and L. Liu. 1997. “Centrifuge modeling of liquefaction effects during earthquake.” In Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, 1291–1324. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema.
Goh, S., and T. O’Rourke. 1999. “Limit state model for soil-pile interaction during lateral spread.” In Proc., 7th US-Japan Workshop on Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures Against Soil Liquefaction, 237–260. Buffalo, NY: MCEER.
Ishihara, K. 1993. “Liquefaction and flow failure during earthquakes.” Géotechnique 43 (3): 351–451. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1993.43.3.351.
Ishihara, K. 1996. Soil behaviour in earthquake geotechnics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Kim, J., S. Jeong, S. Park, and J. Sharma. 2004. “Influence of rainfall-induced wetting on the stability of slopes in weathered soils.” Eng. Geol. 75 (3–4): 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2004.06.017.
Kokusho, T., T. Hara, and R. Hiraoka. 2004. “Undrained shear strength of granular soils with different particle gradations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 130 (6): 621–629. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:6(621).
Kramer, S. 1996. Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Ladd, R. S. 1978. “Preparing test specimens using undercompaction.” Geotech. Test. J. 1 (1): 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10364J.
Mital, U., T. Mohammadnejad, and J. E. Andrade. 2017. “Flow liquefaction instability as a mechanism for lower end of liquefaction charts.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 143 (9): 04017065. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001752.
Rouholamin, M., S. Bhattacharya, and R. P. Orense. 2017. “Effect of initial relative density on the post-liquefaction behaviour of sand.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 97: 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2017.02.007.
Seed, B., and K. L. Lee. 1966. “Liquefaction of saturated sands during cyclic loading.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. 92 (6): 105–134.
Shamoto, Y., J.-M. Zhang, and S. Goto. 1997. “Mechanism of large post-liquefaction deformation in saturated sand.” Soils Found. 37 (2): 71–80. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.37.2_71.
Sitharam, T. G., J. S. Vinod, and B. V. Ravishankar. 2009. “Post-liquefaction undrained monotonic behaviour of sands: Experiments and DEM simulations.” Géotechnique 59 (9): 739–749. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.7.00040.
Sivathayalan, S. 1994. “Static, cyclic and post liquefaction simple shear response of sands.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of British Columbia.
Vaid, Y. P., and J. Thomas. 1995. “Liquefaction and postliquefaction behavior of sand.” J. Geotech. Eng. 121 (2): 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1995)121:2(163).
Zhang, J.-M., and G. Wang. 2012. “Large post-liquefaction deformation of sand, part I: Physical mechanism, constitutive description and numerical algorithm.” Acta Geotech. 7 (2): 69–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-011-0150-7.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 21 • Issue 4 • April 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 30, 2020
Accepted: Nov 9, 2020
Published online: Feb 4, 2021
Published in print: Apr 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jul 4, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.