TECHNICAL PAPERS
Jan 1, 2009

p-y Criterion for Rock Mass

This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLY
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLY
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 1

Abstract

Drilled shafts socketed in rock mass have been used frequently as a foundation system to support both vertical and lateral loads. Traditionally, the lateral interaction between the drilled shaft and the surrounding rock medium has been characterized by means of nonlinear p-y curves; however, there is a lack of well verified p-y criterion for rock mass. In this paper, a hyperbolic p-y criterion is developed based on both theoretical derivations and numerical (finite element) parametric analysis results. The methods for determining pertinent rock parameters needed for constructing the proposed p-y curves are presented in the paper. Two full-scale lateral load tests on large diameter, fully instrumented drilled shafts socketed in rock conducted by the writers, together with additional four load test results reported by Gabr et al. were used to validate the applicability of the proposed hyperbolic p-y curves for rock mass. The comparisons between the computed shaft responses (both deflections and bending moments) and the actual measured responses are considered acceptable.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The paper is part of research sponsored by the Research and Development Office of the Ohio Department of Transportation (DOT). The writers would like to acknowledge the support of Jawdat Siddiqi and Teddy Antonios of Ohio DOT.

References

ABAQUS. (1998). ABAQUS standard user’s manual, Ver. 5.8, Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc., Pawtucket, R.I.
Bieniawski, Z. T. (1978). “Determining rock mass deformability: Experience from case histories.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 15, 237–248.
Bowman, E. R. (1958). “Investigation of the lateral resistance to movement of a plate in cohesionless soil.” MS thesis, College of Engineering, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex.
Briaud, J. L. (1992). The pressuremeter, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Carter, D. P. (1984). “A non-linear soil model for predicting lateral pile response.” Rep. No. 359, Civil Engineering Dept., Univ. of Auckland, New Zealand.
Carter, J. P., and Kulhawy, F. H. (1992). “Analysis of laterally loaded shafts in rock.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 118(6), 839–855.
Cho, K. H., Clark, S. C., Keaney, B. D., Gabr, M. A., and Borden, R. H. (2001). “Laterally loaded drilled shafts embedded in soft rock.” Transportation Research Record. 1772, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 3–11.
E. L. Robinson Engineering of Ohio Co. (2003). “Lateral load test on drilled shafts, Bridge No. MOT-CR32–05.23.” Prepared for DLZ, Ohio Inc.
Gabr, M. A., Borden, R. H., Cho, K. H., Clark, S. C., and Nixon, J. B. (2002). “P-y curves for laterally loaded drilled shafts embedded in weathered rock.” FHWA/NC/2002–08, North Carolina Dept. of Transportation.
Guo, W. D. (2001). “Subgrade modulus for laterally loaded piles.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on the Application of Artificial Intelligence to Civil and Structural Engineering Computing, Civil-Comp Press, Stirling, Scottland, 273–274.
Hoek, E. (1983). “Strength of jointed rock massses.” Geotechnique, 33(3), 187–223.
Hoek, E. (1990). “Estimating Mohr-Coulomb friction and cohesion values from the Hoek-Brown failure criterion.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 27(3), 227–229.
Hoek, E., Carranza-Torres, C., and Corkum, B. (2002). “Hoek-Brown failure criterion—2002 edition.” Proc., NARMS-TAC Conf., Vol. 1, Toronto, 267–273.
Kulhawy, F. H., and Phoon, K. K. (1993). “Drilled shaft side resistance in clay soil to rock.” Proc., Design and Performance of Deep Foundation: Piles and Piers in Soil and Soft Rock, ASCE, New York, Geotechnical Special Publication 38, 172–183.
Marinos, P., and Hoek, E. (2000). “GSI: A geologically friendly tool for rock mass strength estimation.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering (GeoEng 2000), 1422–1440.
McVay, M. C., and Niraula, L. (2004). “Development of modified T-Z curves for large diameter piles/drilled shafts in limestone for FB-Pier.” Rep. No. 4910-4504-878-12, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va.
Norris, G. M. (1986). “Theoretically based BEF laterally loaded pile analysis.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, 361–386.
Reese, L. C. (1983). “Behavior of piles and pile groups under lateral load.” Rep. to the U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research, Development, and Technology, Washington, D.C.
Reese, L. C. (1997). “Analysis of laterally loaded piles in weak rock.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(11), 1010–1017.
Reese, L. C., Cox, W. R., and Koop, F. D. (1974). “Analysis of laterally loaded piles in sand.” Proc., 6th Offshore Technical Conf., Vol. 2, 473–483.
Reese, L. C., Wang, S. T., Isenhower, W. M., Arrellaga, J. A., and Hendrix, J. (2004). User’s manual of LPILE plus 5.0 for windows, Ensoft, Inc., Austin, Tex.
Serafim, J. L., and Pereira, J. P. (1983). “Consideration of the geomechanical classification of Bieniawski.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Engineering Geology and Underground Construction, 33–44.
Turner, J. (2006). “Rock-socketed shafts for highway structure foundations.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) SYNTHESIS, 360, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Verteuil, P., and Shumway, M. (2004). “Borehole dilatometer testing for the Ironton-Russell Bridge over the Ohio River.” Proc., 2004 Ohio Transportation Engineering Conf., Ohio Department of Transportation, Columbus, Ohio.
Vesic, A. S. (1961). “Beam on elastic subgrade and the Winkler hypothesis.” Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, 845–850.
Vu, T. (2006). “Laterally loaded rock-socketed drilled shafts.” MS thesis, Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyo.
Wang, S. T., and Reese, L. C. (1993). “COM624P—Laterally loaded pile analysis program for the microcomputer.” Publication No. FHWA-SA-91-048, Ver. 2.0, Federal Highway Administration.
Yang, K. (2006). “Analysis of laterally loaded drilled shafts in rock.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Akron, Akron, Ohio.
Yang, K., and Liang, R. (2007). “Methods for deriving p-y curves from instrumented lateral load tests.” Geotech. Test. J., 30(1), 31–38.
Yang, K., Liang, R., and Liu, S. (2005). “Analysis and test of rock-socketed drilled shafts under lateral loads.” Proc., 40th U.S. Symp. on Rock Mechanics: Rock Mechanics for Energy, Mineral and Infrastructure Development in the Northern Regions, American Rock Mechanics Association, ARMA/USRMS Paper No. 05-803.
Zhang, L., Ernst, H., and Einstein, H. H. (2000). “Nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rock-socketed shafts.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 126(11), 955–968.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 135Issue 1January 2009
Pages: 26 - 36

History

Received: Jul 29, 2005
Accepted: May 2, 2008
Published online: Jan 1, 2009
Published in print: Jan 2009

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Robert Liang, M.ASCE [email protected]
Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3905. E-mail: [email protected]
Ke Yang, M.ASCE [email protected]
Geotechnical Engineer, CH2M HILL, 15010 Conference Center Dr., Suite 200, Chantilly, VA 20151; formerly, Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3905. E-mail: [email protected]
Jamal Nusairat, M.ASCE
Director of Geotechnical Engineering, E. L. Robinson of Ohio Co., 6000 Memorial Dr., Dublin, OH 43017. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share