Simultaneous Layout and Size Optimization of Water Distribution Networks: Engineering Approach
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 11, Issue 4
Abstract
A heuristic method is presented for the simultaneous layout and component size optimization of water distribution networks. The method is based on the engineering concept of reliability in which the number of independent paths from source nodes to each of the consumption nodes is considered as a measure of reliability. The method starts with a predefined maximum layout which includes all possible and useful connections. An iterative design-float procedure is then used to move from the current to a cheaper layout satisfying a predetermined reliability set by the user. This is achieved via identifying the hydraulically least important pipes and floating the one which would lead to the cheapest layout. A pipe is floated by relaxing its minimum diameter constraint requirement so that the optimization process could eliminate the pipe from the layout by assigning a zero value to its diameter if required. An iterative penalty method is used for design purpose at each iteration. Three different floating procedures are developed and their efficiencies are tested. A heuristic method is also developed to convert the continuous pipe size solution to a set of discrete solutions. The performance of the method for layout optimization of pipe networks is tested against the benchmark example in the literature and the results are presented.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Afshar, M. H. (2001). “An element-by-element algorithm for the analysis of pipe networks.” Int. J. Eng. Sci. 12(3), 87–100.
Alperovits, E., and Shamir, U. (1977). “Design of optimal water distribution systems.” Water Resour. Res. 13(6), 885–900.
Bao, Y., and Mays, L. (1990). “Model for water distribution system reliability.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 116(9), 1119–1137.
Bazovski, I. (1961). Reliability theory and practice, Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Boulos, P. F., Wu, Z. Y., Orr, C. H., and Ro, J. J. (2000). “Least-cost design and rehabilitation of water distribution systems using genetic algorithms.” Proc., AWWA IMTech Conf., Seattle.
Cembrowciz, R. G. (1992). “Water supply systems optimisation for developing countries.” Pipeline systems, B. Coulbeck and E. Evans, eds., Kluwer Academic, London, 59–76.
Cullinane, M. J., Lansey, K. E., and Mays, L. W. (1992). “Optimization-availability-based design of water distribution networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 118(3), 420–441.
Cunha, M., and Sousa, J. (1999). “Water distribution network design optimization: Simulated annealing approach.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 125(4), 215–221.
Dandy, G. C., Simpson, A. R., and Murphy, L. J. (1996). “An improved genetic algorithm for pipe network optimization.” Water Resour. Res. 32(2), 449–458.
Davidson, J. W. (1999). “Evolution program for layout geometry of rectilinear looped networks.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 13(4), 246–253.
Davidson, J. W., and Goulter, I. C. (1995). “Evolution program for design of rectilinear branched networks.” J. Comput. Civ. Eng., 9(2), 112–121.
Fujiwara, O., Aimahakoon, J., and Edirisinghe, N. C. P. (1987). “A modified linear programming gradient method for optimal design of looped water distribution networks.” Water Resour. Res. 23(6), 977–982.
Fujiwara, O., and de Silva, A. U. (1990). “Algorithm for reliability-based optimal design of water networks.” J. Environ. Eng., 116(3), 575–587.
Fujiwara, O., and Khang, D. B. (1990). “A two-phase decomposition method for optimal design of looped water distribution networks.” Water Resour. Res. 26(4), 539–549.
Geem, Z. W., Kim, J. H., and Yoon, Y. N. (2000). “Optimal layout of pipe networks using harmony search.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Hydro-Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea.
Gessler, J. (1985). “Pipe network optimization by enumeration.” Water Resour. Res. 23(7), 977–982.
Goulter, I. C., and Coals, A. (1986). “Quantitative approaches to reliability assessment in pipe networks.” J. Transp. Eng., 112(3), 287–301.
Halhal, D., Walters, G. A., Quazar, D., and Savic, D. A. (1997). “Water network rehabilitation with structured messy genetic algorithm.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 123(3), 137–146.
Kessler, A., Ormsbee, L., and Shamir, U. (1990). “A methodology for least-cost design of invounarable water distribution networks.” Civ. Eng. Syst., 1, 20–28.
Marks, D. H. (1985). “Predicting urban water distribution maintenance strategies: A case study of New Haven, Connecticut.” Rep., to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by the Dept. of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
Morgan, D. R., and Goulter, I. C., (1985).”Optimal urban water distribution design.” Water Resour. Res., 21(5),642–652.
Murphy, L. J., Simpson, A. R., and Dandy, G. C. (1993). “Design of a network using genetic algorithms.” Water, 20(4), 40–42.
Quindry, G. E., Liebman, J. C., and Brill, E. D. (1981). “Optimization of looped water distribution systems.” J. Environ. Eng. Div. (Am. Soc. Civ. Eng.), 107(4), 665–679.
Rowel, W. F., and Barnes, J. W. (1982). “Obtaining the layout of water distribution systems.” J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 108(1), 137–148.
Savic, D. A., and Walters, G. A. (1997). “Genetic algorithms for least-cost design of water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 123(2), 67–77.
Shamir, U., and Howard, C. D. D. (1981). “An analytic approach to scheduling pipe replacement.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 73(7), 379–384.
Shamsi, U. (1990). “Computerized evaluation of water supply reliability.” IEEE Trans. Reliab., 39(1), 35–41.
Su, Y. C., Mays, L. W., Duan, N., and Lansey, K. E. (1987). “Reliability-based optimization model for water distribution systems.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 113(12), 1539–1556.
Tanyimboh, T. T., Tabesh, M., and Burrows, R. (2001). “Appraisal of source head methods for calculating reliability of water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 127(4), 206–213.
Tanyimboh, T. T., Tabesh, M., and Burrows, R. (1999). “An improved source head method for calculating the reliability of water distribution networks.” Computing and control for the water industry, R. Powell and K. S. Hindi, eds., Research Studies Press, Baldock, U.K., 21–33.
Templeman, A. (1982). “Discussion of ‘Optimization of looped water distribution systems,’ by Quindry et al.” J. Environ. Eng. Div. (Am. Soc. Civ. Eng.), 108(3), 599–602.
Wagner, J. M., Shamir, U., and Marks, D. H. (1988a). ”Water distribution reliability: Analytical methods.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 114(3), 253–275.
Wagner, J. M., Shamir, U., and Marks, D. H. (1988b). “Water distribution reliability: Simulation methods.” J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage., 114(3), 276–294.
Walski, T. M., and Pelliccia, A. (1982). “Economic analysis of water main breaks.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 74(3), 140–147.
Walters, G. A., and Lohbeck, T. K. (1993). “Optimal layout of tree networks using genetic algorithms.” Eng. Optimiz., 22(1), 27–48.
Walters, G. A., and Smith, D. K. (1995). “Evolutionary design algorithm for optimal layout of tree networks.” Eng. Optimiz., 24, 261–268.
Wu, Z. Y., and Simpson, A. R. (2002). “A self-adaptive boundary search genetic algorithm and its application to water distribution systems.” J. Hydraul. Res. 40(2), 191–203.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Infrastructure Systems
Volume 11 • Issue 4 • December 2005
Pages: 221 - 230
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: May 21, 2003
Accepted: Oct 13, 2004
Published online: Dec 1, 2005
Published in print: Dec 2005
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.