Compression Strength of Pultruded Flat Sheet Material
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 6, Issue 2
Abstract
The principal in‐plane compressive strengths of pultruded E‐glass fiber‐reinforced flat sheet material were measured using a nonstandard test procedure. Over 100 specimens, each having nominal dimensions of 7.0 by 2.0 by 0.635 cm, were tested with the longest side either parallel or perpendicular to the pull direction in the pultrusion process. The experimental test procedure and the test rig for thick (up to 1.6‐cm) specimens are described. The strength data are used in a comparison between statistical methods that may be used to determine design allowables for the purpose of structural design. These strength allowables are compared with the corresponding values (in accordance with standard ASTM D695‐90) provided by the manufacturer. Results show that compression strengths of the material have coefficients of variation of 9% in a parallel direction and 6% perpendicular to this. This large variation indicates that the ASTM D695‐90 specimen batches of five are too low. Design allowable strengths determined from the log‐normal distribution are 25% and 12% higher than manufacturer's allowables.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ballinger, C. (1990). “Structural FRP composites.” Civ. Engrg., ASCE, 60(7), 63–65.
2.
Barker, A. J., and Balasundarum, V. (1987). “Compression testing of carbon fibre‐reinforced plastics exposed to humid environments.” Composites, 18(3), 217–226.
3.
Barbero, E., and GangaRao, H. V. S. (1991). “Structural applications of composites in infrastructure. Part 1.” SAMPE J., 27(6), 9–16.
4.
Berg, J. S., and Adams, D. F. (1989). “An evaluation of composite material compression test methods.” Comp. Tech. Res., 11(2), 41–46.
5.
“Bridges. Link to a tee.” (1992). New Civ. Engr., London, England, August 13, 20–23.
6.
“CRAG test methods for the measurement of the engineering properties of fibre reinforced plastics.” (1988). P. T. Curtis, ed., RAE TR 88012, Ministry of Defence, U.K.
7.
Creative pultrusions design guide. (1988). Creative Pultrusion, Inc., Alum Bank, Pa.
8.
Design of composite steel and concrete structures: part 1, general rules for buildings, revised draft. (1991). Eurocode 4, Issue 2, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
9.
Design of steel structures: part 1, general rules and rules for buildings, (1992). ENV 1993‐1‐1, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
10.
“Determination of compressive properties by deformation at constant rate.” (1979). BS 2782 Part 3; method 345A. British Standards Institution, U.K.
11.
Haeberle, J., and Matthews, F. L. (1990). “Studies on compressive failure in unidirectional CFRP using an improved test method.” Proc., ECCM‐4, European Association for Composite Materials, Elsevier, London, England, 517–523.
12.
King, R. L. (1989). “The use of statistics in design data determination for fibre‐reinforced composite.” 2nd Inter. Conf. on Polymers in a Marine Envir., Marine Management, Ltd., London, England, 31–37.
13.
Lenoe, E. M., Knight, M., and Schoene, C. (1969). “Preliminary evaluation of test standards for boron epoxy laminates.” Composite Materials: Testing and Design. ASTM STP 460, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 122–139.
14.
Meyer, P. W. (1985). Handbook of pultrusion technology. Chapman and Hall, London, England.
15.
MMFG design manual. (1989). Morrison Molded Fiber Glass Co., Bristol, Va.
16.
Mottram, J. T. (1991). “Evaluation of design analysis for pultruded fibre‐reinforced polymeric box beams.” The Struct. Engr., 69(11), 211–220.
17.
Rust, S. W., Todt, F. R., Harris, B., Neal, D., and Vangel, M. (1989). “Statistical methods for calculating material allowables for MIL‐HDBK‐17.” Test Methods for Design Allowables for Fibrous Composites. ASTM STP 1003, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 136–149.
18.
Sims, G. D., Johnson, A. F., and Hill, R. D. (1987). “Mechanical and structural properties of GRP pultruded sections.” Comp. Struct., 8(3), 173–187.
19.
Schoeppener, G.A., and Sierakowski, R. L. (1990). “A review of compression test methods for organic matrix composites.” J. Comp. Tech. and Res., 12(1), 3–12.
20.
Structural plastics design manual, No. 63. (1984). ASCE, New York, N.Y.
21.
Thoft‐Christensen, P., and Baker, M. (1982). Structural reliability theory and its applications. Springer‐Verlag KG, Berlin, Germany.
22.
Turvey, G. J. (1992). “Tension/compression strength of unnotched/notched pultruded GRP plate.” ECCM 1st Testing and Standardisation Conf., European Association for Composite Materials, Elsevier, London, England, 167–176.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 6 • Issue 2 • May 1994
Pages: 185 - 200
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 12, 1993
Published online: May 1, 1994
Published in print: May 1994
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.