Reducing Harbor Siltation. II: Case Study of Parkhafen in Hamburg
This article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 131, Issue 6
Abstract
Sedimentation in harbor basins necessitates continuous maintenance dredging to keep the bed level of the harbor at the desired depth. Costs involved in the dredging and disposal of the material are often significant, and Port Authorities therefore search for adequate methods to mitigate the influx of sediment into harbors. In the 1990s, a current deflecting wall (CDW) was constructed in the entrance of the Köhlfleet harbor in Hamburg. Field observations on dredging volumes showed that siltation in the Köhlfleet could be reduced by about 40%. To investigate the feasibility of a CDW for other harbor basins in Hamburg, experiments for the Parkhafen were carried out in a nondistorted physical scale model. Water exchange between the Parkhafen and the river Elbe is governed by tidal effects and horizontal entrainment and possibly sediment-induced density currents. The first two effects were addressed in the hydrodynamic scale model. Various design parameters, such as curvature, length, and location of the CDW, were investigated under steady state as well as tidal conditions by means of visual observations of float tracks and dye injection to arrive at an optimum configuration. The spreading of dye was assessed with digitized video images, which were analyzed in terms of dye concentrations. This technique appeared to be very adequate, as high-resolution spatial information was obtained. From the dye experiments under steady state conditions, it was concluded that with the selected CDW design it is possible to reduce the gross inflow of river water into the harbor by 25–45%. The application of a sill, connected to the upstream side of the CDW, may contribute another 10% as near-bed water with high suspended sediment concentration is deflected into the river. The tidal filling of the harbor is then accomplished with water carrying a reduced sediment load.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgment
We would like to thank Hamburg Strom und Hafenbau for financing the study and for their permission to publish the results.
References
Booij, R. (1986). “Measurements of exchange between river and harbor.” Rep. 9-86, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands (in Dutch).
Christiansen, H. (1987). “New insights on mud formation and sedimentation processes in tidal harbors.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Coastal and Port Engineering in Developing Countries, Beijing, 2, 1332–1340.
Christiansen, H., and Kirby, R. (1991). “Fluid mud intrusion and evaluation of a passive device to reduce mud deposition.” Proc., CEDA-PIANC Conf. on Accessible Harbors, International Navigation Association, Brussels, Belgium, E1–E14.
Dursthoff, W. (1970). “On the quantitative exchange of water between harbor and river.” Mitteilungen des Franzius-Instituts für Grund- und Wasserbau der Technischen Universität Hannover, 34, 184–368 (in German).
Eysink, W. D. (1989). “Sedimentation in harbor basins—Small density differences may cause serious effects.” Proc., 9th Int. Harbor Congress, Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands.
Langendoen, E. J. (1992). “Flow patterns and transport of dissolved matter in tidal harbors.” PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Obrazovskij, A. S. (1962). The hydraulics of an entrance basin: Parts 1 and 2, USSR Academy of Construction and Architecture, Moscow (in Russian).
Răzvan, E., and Spătaru, A. (1963). “Investigations on an intake for the supply of industrial water.” Hidrotechnica, 8, 11 (in Romanian).
Spătaru, A., and Mărculescu, I. (1966). “Investigation on the water exchange of river harbor basins.” Hydraulic Studies, 11, 153–185 (in Romanian).
Van de Graaff, J. V. (1973). “Harbor of Borssele.” Rep. M 1070, Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands (in Dutch).
Van de Graaff, J. V. and Reinalda, R. (1977). “Horizontal exchange in distorted models.” Rep. S 61, Delft Hydraulics, Delft, The Netherlands (in Dutch).
Winterwerp, J. C., Eysink, W. D., Kruiningen, F. W., Christiansen, H., Kirby, R., and Smith, T. J. (1994). “The current deflecting wall: A device to minimise harbor siltation.” Dock Harbour Auth., 74(849), 243–247.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 4, 2003
Accepted: Sep 29, 2004
Published online: Nov 1, 2005
Published in print: Nov 2005
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.