Comparison and Evaluation of Different Riprap Stability Formulas Using Field Performance
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 122, Issue 1
Abstract
Five riprap stability formulas have been compared and evaluated using the field performance of several riprap across the La Grande Hydroelectric complex. Four of these formulas were developed from regular wave tests (Hudson, Sherbrooke University, Koev, and Bertram formulas), while the other formula was developed from irregular waves tests conducted by Van Der Meer. For each site, the stone size required to resist the maximum wave experienced by the riprap was calculated and compared with the measured stone size. The comparison showed that the Hudson, Sherbrooke University, and Koev formulas give a realistic picture of the observed performance. In the case of riprap with significant damage, the stone sizes calculated by these three formulas were always larger than those measured in the field. When used in its general form, as presented in the literature, the Van Der Meer equation does not fully predict the observed behavior. However, it constitutes a good prediction tool if the permeability factor and the start of damage criteria proposed by Van Der Meer are adjusted. The Bertram formula has been found to underestimate the stability.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ahrens, J. P. (1975). “Large wave tank tests of riprap stability.”Tech. Memo., No. 51, U.S. Army Corps of Engrs., Coast. Engrg. Res. Ctr., Fort Belvoir, Va.
2.
Ahrens, J. P. (1981). “Design of riprap revetments for protection against wave attack.”Tech. Paper No. 81-5, U.S. Army Corps of Engrs., Coast. Engrg. Res. Ctr., Fort Belvoir, Va.
3.
Ben Belfadhel, M., Lefebvre, G., and Rohan, K. (1993). “Clarification on the use of Hudson Formula for riprap design.”Proc., 25th IAHR Congr., Vol. 4, Int. Assoc. for Hydr. Res., 198–205.
4.
Iverson, N. L., and Ringhein, A. S. (1973). “Upstream slope protection at Gradiner and Qu'Appelle River dams.”Trans., 11th Int. Congr. of Large Dams ; Vol. 111, Q.42, R.38, 655–581.
5.
Koev, K. N. (1992). “Statistical analysis of formulas for breakwater armor layer design.”J. Wtrwy., Port, Coast., and Oc. Engrg., ASCE, 118(2), 213–219.
6.
Lefebvre, G., Ben Belfadhel, M., Rohan, K., and Dascal, O. (1993). “Field and laboratory investigation of steep riprap degradation.” River, coastal and shoreline protection: erosion control using riprap armourstone, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
7.
Lefebvre, G., Rohan, K., Ben Belfadhel, M., and Dascal, O.(1992). “Field performance and analysis of steep riprap.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 118(9), 1431–1448.
8.
McConnell, A. D., Seemel, R. N., and O'Beirne, H. J. (1973). “Freeboard and slope protection of dykes for Churchill Falls project.”Proc., 11th Int. Congr. on Large Dams ; Vol. 3.
9.
PIANC. (1976). “Final report of the International Commission for the Study of Waves, second part.”Annex to Bull. No. 25, Vol. III.
10.
Rohan, K., Ben Belfadhel, M., Lefebvre, G., and Dascal, O.(1994). “Damage mechanisms and influence of gradation for steep riprap.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 120(3), 514–527.
11.
Shore protection manual. (1984). 4th Ed., U.S. Army Corps of Engrs., Coast. Engrg. Res. Ctr., Washington, D.C.
12.
Société d'Énergie de la Baie James (SEBJ). (1993). “Comparaison des formules de Hudson, Van Der Meer et Bertram Taylor.”Tech. Note, Québec, Canada.
13.
Taylor, N. V. (1973). “Slope protection on earth and rockfill dams.”Trans. 11th Int. Congr. on Large Dams; Vol. 111, Q.42, R.13, 215–235.
14.
Thompson, D. M., and Shuttler, R. M. (1976). “Design of riprap slope protection against wind waves.”CIRIA Rep. 61, Hydr. Res. Station, Wallingford, England.
15.
U.S. Soil Conservation Service. (1983). “Riprap for slope protection against wave action.”Tech. Release No. 69, Engrg. Div., U.S. Dept. of Agr., Washington, D.C.
16.
Van Der Meer, J. W. (1988). “Deterministic and probabilistic design of breakwater armor layer.”J. Wtrwy., Port, Coast. and Oc. Engrg., ASCE, 114(1).
17.
Van Der Meer, J. W. (1993). “A review of stability for rock and riprap slopes under wave attack.”River, coastal and shoreline protection: erosion control using riprap and armourstone, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 122 • Issue 1 • January 1996
Pages: 8 - 15
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jan 1, 1996
Published in print: Jan 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.