Public Safety—Is It Compromised by New LRFD Design Standards?
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 119, Issue 4
Abstract
Factors of safety for flexural members designed using the ASCE 7‐88 and American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) LRFD 1986 standards are investigated and found to represent a significant reduction in reliability compared to previous AISC allowable stress methods for typical flexural members. This contradicts statements in the commentary of AISC LRFD 1986, which states that the reliability index for typical members has not been reduced. Also, experience from structural failure investigations and peer reviews shows that actual dead‐load variations are not consistent with the 1.2 dead‐load factor used in these standards. Further development of consistent load and resistance factors by a joint committee of practicing structural engineers under auspices of ASCE, AISC, American Concrete Institute (ACI), and American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC) is recommended. Suggestions are also made for interim load and resistance factors that maintain the reliability level inherent in current working stress design in steel.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Allowable stress design manual of steel construction. (1989). 9th Ed., Am. Inst. Steel Const., Chicago, Ill.
2.
Bjorhovde, R., Galambos, T. V., and Ravindra, M. K. (1978). “LRFD criteria for steel beam‐columns.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(9), 1371–1387.
3.
Brazil, A., DeScenza, R., Scarangello, T. (1991). “LRFD: still waiting.” Civ. Engrg., ASCE, 61(6), 47–48.
4.
“Building code requirements for reinforced concrete and commentary; ACI 318 89.” Am. Concrete Inst., Detroit, Mich.
5.
Ellingwood, B., Galambos, T. V., MacGregor, J. G., and Cornell, C. A. (1980). Development of a probability based load criterion for American national standard A58, building code requirements for minimum design loads in buildings and other structures. U.S. Dept. of Commerce/Nat. Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., 222.
6.
Fisher, J. W., Galambos, T. V., Kulak, G. L., and Ravindra, M. K. (1978). “Load and resistance factor design criteria for connectors.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(9), 1427–1441.
7.
Galambos, T. V., and Ravindra, M. K. (1978). “Properties of steel for use in LRFD.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(9), 1459–1468.
8.
Galambos, T. V. (1991). “Lessons from five years of L.R.F.D. in steel structures.” Proc., William McGuire Symp., Cornell Univ. Ithaca, N.Y.
9.
Hansell, W. C., Galambos, T. V., Ravindra, M. K., and Viest, I. M. (1978). “Composite beam criteria in LRFD.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(9), 1409–1426.
10.
Investigation of the Kansas City Hyatt Regency walkways collapse. (1982). U.S. Dept. of Commerce/Nat. Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C., 257.
11.
Krawinkler, H., and Popov, E. P. (1982).”Seismic behavior of moment connections and joints.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 108(2), 373–391.
12.
Load and resistance factor design manual of steel construction. (1986). 1st Ed., Am. Inst. Steel Const., Chicago, Ill.
13.
“Minimum design loads for building and other structures; ANSI 58.1.” (1982). Nat. Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.
14.
Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures; ASCE 7‐88. (1990). ASCE, New York, N.Y., 94.
15.
Popov, E. P., Amin, N. R., Louie, J. J., and Stephen, R. M. (1986). “Cyclic behavior of large beam‐column assemblies.” Eng. J. AISC, 23(1), 9–23.
16.
Popov, E. P., and Tsai, K. C. (1989). “Performance of large seismic steel moment connections under cyclic loads.” Eng. J. AISC, 26(2), 51–60.
17.
“Proposed criteria for load and resistance factor design of steel building structures.” (1978). Bull. no. 27, Amer. Iron and Steel Inst., Washington, D.C., 114.
18.
Ravindra, M. K., and Galambos, T. V. (1978a). “Load and resistance factor design for steel.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(9), 1337–1353.
19.
Ravindra, M. K., Cornell, C. A., and Galambos, T. V. (1978b). “Wind and snow load factors for use in LRFD.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(9), 1443–1457.
20.
Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings—Load and Resistance Factor Design. (1990). Am. Inst. Steel Const., Chicago, Ill., 1–62.
21.
Yura, J. A., Galambos, T. V., and Ravindra, M. K. (1978). “The bending resistance of steel beams.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(9), 1355–1370.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 119 • Issue 4 • April 1993
Pages: 1251 - 1264
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 28, 1992
Published online: Apr 1, 1993
Published in print: Apr 1993
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.