Commentary on Proposed Specification for Structural Steel Beams with Web Openings (with Design Example)
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 118, Issue 12
Abstract
This commentary complements the “Proposed Specification for Structural Steel Beams with Web Openings.” The specification follows load and resistance factor design (LRFD) philosophy, and may be adopted as a chapter in a larger specification. Basic design procedures involve determination of maximum nominal flexural capacity, maximum nominal shear capacity, and interaction of flexure and shear. The maximum nominal flexural capacity is calculated using standard strength procedures for both composite and noncomposite sections, taking into account the loss of material within the web. The maximum nominal shear capacity is based on a simplified four‐hinge mechanism, with one hinge at each corner of the opening. The general design approach is identical for composite and noncomposite members, with or without opening reinforcement. The design procedures apply only to compact sections. Additional criteria are applied to ensure ductile behavior and performance in accordance with the design expressions. The procedures apply to both rectangular and circular openings. Criteria for placement of concentrated loads and positioning of openings are included, as are detailing requirements for opening and slab reinforcement.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
ASCE Task Committee on Design Criteria for Concrete Structures in Steel and Concrete. (1992). “Proposed specification for structural steel beams with web openings.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 118(12), 3315–3324.
2.
Bower, J. E. (1968). “Ultimate strength of beams with rectangular holes.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 94(6), 1315–1337.
3.
Cho, S. H. (1982). “An investigation on the strength of composite beams with web openings.” M.S. Arch. Eng. Thesis, Hanyong University, Seoul, Korea.
4.
Cho, S. H., and Redwood, R. G. (1986). “The design of composite beams with web openings.” Struct. Engrg. Series No. 86‐2, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
5.
Clawson, W. C., and Darwin, D. (1980). “Composite beams with web openings.” SM Report No. 4, Univ. of Kansas Ctr. for Res., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans.
6.
Clawson, W. C., and Darwin, D. (1982). “Tests of composite beams with web openings.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 108(1), 145–162.
7.
Congdon, J. G., and Redwood, R. G. (1970). “Plastic behavior of beams with reinforced holes.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 96(9), 1933–1955.
8.
Cooper, P. B., and Snell, R. R. (1972). “Tests on beams with reinforced web openings.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 98(3), 611–632.
9.
Cooper, P. B., Snell, R. R., and Knostman, H. D. (1977). “Failure tests on beams with eccentric web holes.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 103(9), 1731–1737.
10.
Darwin, D. (1990). Design of steel and composite beams with web openings. American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Ill.
11.
Darwin, D., and Donahey, R. C. (1988). “LRFD for composite beams with un‐reinforced web openings.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 114(3), 535–552.
12.
Darwin, D., and Lucas, W. C. (1990). “LRFD for steel and composite beams with web openings.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 116(6), 1579–1593.
13.
Donahey, R. C., and Darwin, D. (1986). “Performance and design of composite beams with web openings.” SM Report No. 18, Univ. of Kansas Ctr. for Res., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans.
14.
Donahey, R. C., and Darwin, D. (1988). “Web openings in composite beams with ribbed slabs.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 114(3), 518–534.
15.
Donoghue, C. M. (1982). “Composite beams with web openings: design.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 108(12), 2652–2667.
16.
Frost, R. W., and Leffler, R. E. (1971). “Fatigue tests of beams with rectangular web holes.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 97(2), 509–527.
17.
Granade, C. J. (1968). “An investigation of composite beams having large rectangular openings in their webs,” M.S. thesis, University of Alabama, University, Alabama.
18.
Kussman, R. L., and Cooper, P. B. (1976). “Design example for beams with web openings.” AISC Engrg. J., 13(2), 48–56.
19.
Load and resistance factor design manual of steel construction. (1986a). 1st Ed., American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Chicago, Ill.
20.
Load and resistance factor design specification for structural steel buildings. (1986b). American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Ill.
21.
Lucas, W. K., and Darwin, D. (1990). “Steel and composite beams with web openings.” SM Report No. 23, Univ. of Kansas Ctr. for Res., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans.
22.
Lupien, R., and Redwood, R. G. (1978). “Steel beams with web openings reinforced on one side.” Can. J. Civ. Engrg., 5(4), 451–461.
23.
“Rectangular, concentric and eccentric unreinforced web penetrations in steel beams—a design aid.” (1981). ADUSS27‐7108‐01, U.S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.
24.
“Rectangular, concentric and eccentric reinforced web penetrations in steel beams—a design aid.” (1986). Rev. Ed., ADUSS27‐8482‐02, U.S. Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.
25.
Redwood, R. G. (1968). “Plastic behavior and design of beams with web openings.” Proc., 1st Canadian Struct. Engrg. Conf, Canadian Steel Industry Construction Council, 127–138.
26.
Redwood, R. G. (1969). “The strength of steel beams with unreinforced web holes.” Civ. Engrg. and Public Works Review, London, England, 64(755), 559–562.
27.
Redwood, R. G., (1971). “Simplified plastic analysis for reinforced web holes.” AISC Engrg. J., 8(3), 128–131.
28.
Redwood, R. G. (1973). Design of beams with web holes. Canadian Steel Industrial Construction Council, Don Mills, Ontario, Canada.
29.
Redwood, R. G. (1983). “Design of I‐beams with web perforations.” Beams and beam columns: stability and strength, R. Narayanan, ed., Applied Science Publ., New York, N.Y., 95–133.
30.
Redwood, R. G., Baranda, H., and Daly, M. J. (1978). “Tests of thin‐webbed beams with unreinforced holes.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104(3), 577–595.
31.
Redwood, R. G., and McCutcheon, J. O. (1968). “Beam tests with unreinforced web openings.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 94(1), 1–17.
32.
Redwood, R. G., and Poumbouras, G. (1983). “Tests of composite beams with web holes.” Can. J. Civ. Engrg., 10(4), 713–721.
33.
Redwood, R. G., and Poumbouras, G. (1984). “Analysis of composite beams with web openings.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 110(9), 1949–1958.
34.
Redwood, R. G., and Shrivastava, S. C. (1980). “Design recommendations for steel beams with web holes.” Can. J. Civ. Engrg., 7(4), 642–650.
35.
Redwood, R. G., and Uenoya, M. (1979). “Critical loads for webs with holes.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 105(10), 2053–2076.
36.
Redwood, R. G., and Wong, P. K. (1982). “Web holes in composite beams with steel deck.” Proc., 8th Can. Struct. Engrg. Conf, Canadian Steel Construction Council, Willowdale, Ontario, Canada.
37.
“Structural investigation of a typical floor beam at the 200 West Adams Building, Chicago, Illinois.” (1984). WJE No. 840795, Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc., Northbrook, Ill.
38.
Subcommittee on Beams with Web Openings of the Task Committee on Flexure Members of the Structural Division. (1971). “Suggested design guides for beams with web holes.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 97(11), 2707–2728.
39.
Subcommittee on Beams with Web Openings of the Task Committee on Flexure Members of the Structural Division. (1973). “Closure to ‘Suggested design guides for beams with web holes’.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 99(6), 1312–1315.
40.
Wang, T.‐M., Snell, R. R., and Cooper, P. B. (1975). “Strength of beams with eccentric reinforced holes.” J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 101(9), 1783–1799.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 118 • Issue 12 • December 1992
Pages: 3325 - 3348
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 ASCE.
History
Published online: Dec 1, 1992
Published in print: Dec 1992
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.