Stability and Mobility of Sand-Bed Channels Affected by Seepage
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 125, Issue 6
Abstract
Seepage effects on the stability, mobility, and incipient motion of sand-bed particles are experimentally investigated. Seepage through a sand bed in a downward direction (suction) reduces the stability of particles, and it can even initiate their movement. The bed erosion is increased with the increased rates of suction. Whereas the seepage in an upward direction (injection) increases the stability of bed particles, it does not aid initiating their movement. The rate of bed erosion is reduced or even stopped by the increased injection rates. Hydrodynamic conditions leading to the so-called “pseudoincipient motion” with suction (for the initiation of particles movement that are otherwise at rest under no-seepage conditions), and with injection (for only arresting the particles movement that are otherwise moving initially) are evaluated. The conventional Shields curve cannot be used to predict such pseudoincipient motion conditions with seepage. The concepts thus developed are useful for a better understanding of the sediment transport mechanics and in the design of stable alluvial channels affected by seepage.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Burgi, P. H., and Karaki, S. (1971). “Seepage effects on channel bank stability.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Div., ASCE, 97(1), 59–72.
2.
Chow, V. T. (1959). Open-channel hydraulics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
3.
Coleman, N. L. (1967). “A theoretical and experimental study of drag and lift forces acting on a sphere resting on hypothetical stream bed.” Proc., 12th Congr. of Int. Assoc. for Hydr. Res. (IAHR), Vol. 3, 185–192.
4.
Graf, W. H. (1971). Hydraulics of sediment transport. McGraw-Hill, New York.
5.
Harrison, S. S. ( 1968). “The effects of ground water seepage on stream regimen—a laboratory study,” PhD thesis, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, N. Dak.
6.
Kramer, H. (1935). “Sand mixtures and sand movement in fluvial models.” Trans. ASCE, 100, 798–838.
7.
Martin, C. S. (1970). “Effect of porous sand bed on incipient sediment motion.” J. Water Resour. Res., 6(4), 1162–1174.
8.
Nakagawa, A., Tsujimoto, T., and Murakami, S. (1988). “Effect of suction or injection through of a stream on bed load transport process.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Fluvial Hydr.
9.
Oldenziel, D. M., and Brink, W. E. (1974). “Influence of suction and blowing on entrainment of sand particles.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 100(7), 935–949.
10.
Ramakrishna Rao, A. (1989). “A new incipient motion criterion independent of particle size.” Proc., 3rd Int. Workshop on Alluvial River Problems, Oxford and IBS Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 155–160.
11.
Ramakrishna Rao, A., and Damodaran, N. (1992). “A micro-manometer with a capacitative transducer.” Proc., 8th Congr. of Asian and Pacific Regional Div. of IAHR, F21–F28.
12.
Ramakrishna Rao, A., Subrahmanyam, V., Thayumanavan, S., and Damodaran, N. (1994). “Seepage effects on sand-bed channels.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., ASCE, 120(1), 60–79.
13.
Richardson, J. R., Abt, S. R., and Richardson, E. V. (1985). “Inflow seepage influence on straight alluvial channels.”J. Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 111(8), 1133–1147.
14.
Schlichting, H. (1968). Boundary layer theory. McGraw-Hill, New York.
15.
Shen, H. W. (1971). River mechanics. Vol. 1, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo.
16.
Shields, A. ( 1936). “Application of similarity principles and turbulence research to bed load movement.” Publication No. 167, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif. (English translation).
17.
Shukla, M. K., and Mishra, G. C. (1994). “Canal discharge and seepage relationship.” Proc., 6th Nat. Symp. on Hydro., 263–274.
18.
Simons, D. B., and Richardson, E. V. ( 1966). “Resistance to flow in alluvial channels.” Geological Survey Profl. Paper, 422-J, USGS, Washington, D.C.
19.
Vanoni, V. A. (1964). “Measurement of critical shear for entraining fine sediments in a boundary layer.” Rep. No. KH-R-7, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
20.
Vanoni, V. A., and Brooks, N. H. (1957). “Laboratory studies of the roughness and suspended load of alluvial streams.” Rep. No. E-68, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Calif.
21.
Watters, G. Z., and Rao Manam, V. P. (1971). “Hydrodynamic effects of seepage on bed particles.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 101(3), 421–439.
22.
Willets, B. B., and Drossos, M. E. (1975). “Local erosion caused by rapid infiltration.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 101(12), 1477–1488.
23.
Yalin, S. M. (1976). Mechanics of sediment transport. Pergamon, Tarrytown, N.Y.
24.
Yalin, S. M., and Karahan, E. (1979). “Inception of sediment transport.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 105(11), 1433–1443.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
Volume 125 • Issue 6 • December 1999
Pages: 370 - 379
History
Received: May 6, 1998
Published online: Dec 1, 1999
Published in print: Dec 1999
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.