Coupled and Decoupled Numerical Modeling of Flow and Morphological Evolution in Alluvial Rivers
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 128, Issue 3
Abstract
Existing numerical river models are mostly built upon asynchronous solution of simplified governing equations. The strong coupling between water flow, sediment transport, and morphological evolution is thus ignored to a certain extent. An earlier study led to the development of a fully coupled model and identified the impacts of simplifications in the water-sediment mixture and global bed material continuity equations as well as of the asynchronous solution procedure for aggradation processes. This paper presents the results of an extended study along this line, highlighting the impacts on both aggradation and degradation processes. Simplifications in the continuity equations for the water-sediment mixture and bed material are found to have negligible effects on degradation. This is, however, in contrast to aggradation processes, in which the errors purely due to simplified continuity equations can be significant transiently. The asynchronous solution procedure is found to entail appreciable inaccuracy for both aggradation and degradation processes. Further, the asynchronous solution procedure can render the physical problem mathematically ill posed by invoking an extra upstream boundary condition in the supercritical flow regime. Finally, the impacts of simplified continuity equations and an asynchronous solution procedure are shown to be comparable with those of largely tuned friction factors, indicating their significance in calibrating numerical river models. It is concluded that the coupled system of complete governing equations needs to be synchronously solved for refined modeling of alluvial rivers.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abbott, M. B. (1979). Computational hydraulics: Elements of the theory of free space flows, Pitman Pub. Ltd., London.
ASCE Task Committee. (1998). “River width adjustment.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 124(9), 881–917.
Begin, Z. B.(1988). “Application of a diffusion-erosion model to alluvial channels which degrade due to base-level lowering.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 13(6), 487–500.
Bhallamudi, S. M., and Chaudhry, M. H.(1991). “Numerical modeling of aggradation and degradation in alluvial channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 117(9), 1145–1164.
Cao, Z.(1999). “Equilibrium near-bed concentration of suspended sediment.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(12), 1270–1278.
Cao, Z., and Egashira, S.(1999). “Coupled mathematical modeling of alluvial rivers.” J. Hydrosci. Hydraul. Eng., 17(2), 71–85.
Chang, H. H. (1988). Fluvial processes in river engineering, Wiley Interscience, New York.
Chien, N., and Wan, Z. (1999). Mechanics of sediment transport, ASCE, New York.
Correia, L. R. P., Krishnappan, B. G., and Graf, W. H.(1992). “Fully coupled unsteady mobile boundary flow model.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 118(3), 476–494.
Cui, Y., Parker, G., and Paola, C.(1996). “Numerical simulation of aggradation and downstream fining.” J. Hydraul. Res., 34(2), 195–204.
Cunge, J. A., Holly, F. M., Jr., and Verwey, A. (1980). Practical aspects of computational river hydraulics, Pitman, London.
De Vries, M. (1965). “Considerations about non-steady bed-load transport in open channels.” Proc., 11th Int. Congress, Int. Association for Hydraulic Research, Delft, The Netherlands, 3.8.1–3.8.11.
De Vries, M. (1973). “River bed variations—aggradation and degradation.” Proc., Int. Seminars of Hydraulics of Alluvial Streams, Int. Association for Hydraulic Research, Delft, The Netherlands, 1–10.
Ghumman, A. R., Wormleaton, P. R., Hashimi, H. N., and Akbari, G. H.(1996). “Parameter identifiation for sediment routing on rivers.” J. Hydraul. Res., 34(4), 473–480.
Gill, M. A.(1983a). “Diffusion model for aggrading channels.” J. Hydraul. Res., 21(5), 355–367.
Gill, M. A.(1983b). “Diffusion model for dagrading channels.” J. Hydraul. Res., 21(5), 369–378.
Gill, M. A.(1987). “Nonlinear solution for aggradation and degradation in channels.” J. Hydraul. Res., 25(5), 537–547.
Guo, Q., and Jin, Y.(1999). “Modeling sediment transport using depth-averaged and moment equations.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(12), 1262–1269.
Hirt, C. W., and Nichols, B. D.(1981). “Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries.” J. Comput. Phys., 39, 201–255.
Holly, F. M., Jr., and Karim, M. F.(1986). “Simulation of Missouri River bed degradation.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 112(6), 497–517.
Holly, F. M., Jr., and Preissmann, A.(1977). “Accurate calculation of transport in two dimensions.” J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 103(11), 1259–1277.
Holly, F. H., Jr., and Rahuel, J. L.(1990). “New numerical/physical framework for mobile-bed modeling, part 1: Numerical and physical principles.” J. Hydraul. Res., 28(4), 401–416.
Jaramillo, W. F., and Jain, S. C.(1984). “Aggradation and degradation of alluvial-channel beds.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 110(8), 1072–1085.
Kassem, A., and Chaudhry, M. H.(1998). “Comparison of coupled and semicoupled numerical models for alluvial channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 124(8), 794–802.
Krishnappan, B. G.(1985). “Comparison of MOBED and HEC-6 river flow models.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 12, 464–471.
Lenau, C. W., and Hjelmfelt, A. T.(1992). “River bed degradation due to abrupt outfall lowering.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 118(6), 918–933.
Leonard, B. P.(1994). “Comparison of truncation error of finite-difference and finite-volume formulations of convection terms.” Appl. Math. Modeling, 18, 46–50.
Lu, J., and Shen, H. W.(1986). “Analysis and comparisons of degradation models.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 112(4), 281–299.
Lyn, D. A.(1987). “Unsteady sediment-transport modeling.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 113(1), 1–15.
Morris, P. H., and Williams, D. J.(1996). “Relative celerities of mobile bed flows with finite solids concentrations.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 122(6), 311–315.
Morse, B., Townsend, R. D., and Sydor, M.(1991). “Mathematical modeling of riverbed dynamics—a Canadian case study.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 18, 772–780.
Needham, D. J.(1990). “Wave hierarchies in alluvial river flows.” Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 51, 167–194.
Needham, D. J., and Hey, R. D.(1991). “On nonlinear simple waves in alluvial river flows: a theory for sediment bores.” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 334, 25–53.
Newton, C. T.(1951). “An experimental investigation of bed degradation in an open channel.” Trans. Boston Soc. Civil Eng., 28–60.
Park, I., and Jain, S. C.(1986). “River-bed profiles with imposed sediment load.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 112(4), 267–280.
Park, I., and Jain, S. C.(1987). “Numerical solution of degradation of alluvial channel bed.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 113(7), 845–859.
Pender, G., and Li, Q.(1995). “Comparison of two hiding function formulations for non-uniform sediment transport calculations.” Water, Maritime, and Energy, 112, 127–135.
Ponce, V. M., Garcia, J. L., and Simons, D. B.(1979). “Modeling alluvial channel bed transients.” J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. 105(3), 245–256.
Rahuel, J. L.(1993). “Discussion on ‘Fully coupled unsteady mobile boundary flow model’.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 119(4), 528–530.
Rahuel, J. L., Holly, F. M., Jr., Chollet, J. P., Belleudy, J. P., and Yang, G.(1989). “Modeling of riverbed evolution for bedload sediment mixtures.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 115(11), 1521–1542.
Ribberink, J. S., and Van der Sande, J. T. M.(1985). “Aggradation in rivers due to overloading-analytical approaches.” J. Hydraul. Res. 23(3), 273–283.
Roberson, J. A., and Crowe, C. T. (1990). Engineering fluid mechanics, Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
Schohl, G. A., and Holly, F. M., Jr.(1991). “Cubic-spline interpolation in Lagrangian advection computation.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 117(2), 248–253.
Sieben, J.(1999). “A theoretical analysis of discontinuous flow with mobile bed.” J. Hydraul. Res. 37(2), 199–212.
Soni, J. P., Garde, R. J., and Raju, K. G.(1980). “Aggradation in streams due to overloading.” J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 106(1), 117–132.
Stevens, M. A.(1988). “Discussion on ‘Unsteady sediment transport modeling’.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 114(8), 954–956.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1977). “HEC-6: Scour and deposition in rivers and reservoirs.” Users Manual, The Hydrologic Engineering Center, Calif.
Vanniekerk, A., Vogel, K. R., Slingerland, R. L., and Bridge, J. S.(1992). “Routing of heterogeneous sediments over movable bed—model development.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 118(2), 246–262.
Vogel, K. R., Vanniekerk, A., Slingerland, R. L., and Bridge, J. S.(1992). “Routing of heterogeneous sediments over movable bed—model verification.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 118(2), 263–279.
Wai, O., and Lu, Q. M.(1999). “Gradient-Adaptive-Sigma (GAS) grid for 3D mass-transport modeling.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 125(2), 141–151.
Wei, L. (1990). “Governing equations for mathematical river modeling.” in River modeling, J. Xie, ed., China Water and Power Press, Chap. 1 (in Chinese).
Wormleaton, P. R., and Ghumman, A. R. (1994). “A comparison of the performance of coupled/decoupled and linear/non-linear solutions of the one-dimensional sediment routing equations.” Proc., 5th Conf. On Hydraulic Engineering and Software, W. R. Blain, ed., Comput. Mech. Pub., Southampton, England, Vol. 2, 99–106.
Xie, J., and Wei, L.(1987). “Review and prospectus of mathematical modeling of river sediment.” J. Sediment Res., 1, 1–12 (in Chinese).
Zanre, D. D. L., and Needham, D. J.(1994). “On the hyperbolic nature of the equations of alluvial river hydraulics and the equivalence of stable and energy dissipating shocks.” Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 76, 193–222.
Zanre, D. D., and Needham, D. J.(1996). “On simple waves and weak shock theory for the equations of alluvial river hydraulics.” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 354, 2993–3054.
Zhang, H., and Kahawita, R.(1987). “Nonlinear model for aggradation in alluvial channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 113(3), 353–369.
Zhang, H., and Kahawita, R.(1988). “Nonlinear hyperbolic system and its solution for aggraded channels.” J. Hydraul. Res., 26(3), 323–342.
Zhang, H., and Kahawita, R.(1990). “Linear hyperbolic model for alluvial channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 116(4), 478–493.
Zhang, R., and Xie, J. (1993). Sediments research in China: Systematic selections, China Water and Power Press, Beijing.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 128 • Issue 3 • March 2002
Pages: 306 - 321
Copyright
Copyright © 2002 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 4, 2000
Accepted: Aug 7, 2001
Published online: Mar 1, 2002
Published in print: Mar 2002
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.