Sorbent Wicking Device for Sampling Hydrophobic Organic Compounds in Unsaturated Soil Pore Water. II: Chemical Capture, Recovery, and Analysis
This article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 131, Issue 1
Abstract
Experiments investigated the chemical capture and quantitative recovery of chlorinated hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) sampled from the pore-water of unsaturated soils with a new in situ sorbent wicking device. The sampling device is comprised of an annular porous stainless-steel interface encasing granular-activated carbon and a fiberglass wick. Laboratory column studies using Ottawa sand spiked with tri- and tetrachlorobenzenes evaluated the accuracy of the sampling device in assessing average pore-water concentrations. The findings from these experiments showed that the sorbent-wick sampler provided reliable and repeatable estimates of the pore-water concentrations of the chlorobenzenes in the unsaturated soil columns at pore-water concentrations as low as several parts per billion. Field trials were conducted in a land biotreatment unit containing industrial soil/sludge materials to assess the availability of trace levels of aqueous-phase polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The land treatment unit had undergone of intrinsic remediation and the test results indicated that the samplers were able to replicate the aqueous-phase PCB homolog pattern measured in ex situ aqueous extraction tests. Orthosubstituted PCBs were dominant in sorbent-wick samples and aqueous extracts; these PCBs appear relatively recalcitrant in land biotreatment units. The sorbent-wicking device offers the ability to obtain time-averaged mass and volumetric flux rates of HOCs in land treatment units.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Funding for this research was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through the DOE/EPA/NSF/ONR Joint Program on Bioremediation, EPA Research Grant No. R825365-01-0. Additional graduate support was provided by the National Science Foundation’s Graduate Research Fellowship Program. This graduate research was performed at the Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University.
References
Alcoa Remedial Projects Organization (Alcoa RPO). (1995). “Bioremediation tests of Massena lagoon sludges/sediments.” Report Prepared for the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Massena, N.Y.
Binkley, D., and Matson, P. (1983). “Ion-exchange resin bag method for assessing forest soil nitrogen availability.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 47, 1050–1052.
Carroll, K. M., Harkness, M. R., Bracco, A. A., and Balcarcel, R. R. (1994). “Application of a permeant/polymer diffusional model to the desorption of polychlorinated biphenyls from Hudson River sediments.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 253–258.
Dionex. (1997). “Method optimization in accelerated solvent extraction.” Tech. Note No. 208, Dionex, Corp. Sunnyvale, Calif.
Dobermann, A. et al. (1994). “Nutrient adsorption kinetics of ion exchange resin capsules: A study with soils of international origin.” Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 25, 1329–1353.
Dobermann, A., Pampolino, M. F., and Adviento, M. A. A. (1997). “Resin capsules for on-site assessment of soil nutrient supply in lowland rice fields.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 61, 1202–1213.
Erickson, M. D. (1997). Analytical chemistry of PCBs, 2nd Ed., CRC, Boca Raton, Fla.
Ghosh, U., Weber, A. S., Jensen, J. N., and Smith, J. R. (2000). “Relationship between PCB desorption equilibrium, kinetics, and availability during land biotreatment.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2542–2548.
Linz, D. G., and Nakles, D. V. (1997). Environmentally acceptable endpoints in soil: Risk-based approach to contaminated site management based on availability of chemicals in soil, American Academy of Environmental Engineers, Annapolis, Md.
McNamara, S. W. (2002). “PCB partitioning and availability in land biotreatment systems.” PhD thesis, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh.
McNamara, S. W., and Luthy, R. G. (2005). “Sorbent wick sampling device for sampling hydrophobic organic compounds in unsaturated soil pore water. I: Design and hydraulic characteristics.” J. Environ. Eng., 131(1), 11–20.
Mullins, M. D. et al. (1984). “High-resolution PCB analysis: synthesis and chromatographic properties of all 209 PCB congeners.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 18, 468–476.
Safe, S. H. (1994). “Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses, and implications for risk assessment.” Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 24, 87–149.
Skogley, E. O., and Dobermann, A. (1996). “Synthetic ion-exchange resins: Soil and environmental studies.” J. Environ. Qual. 25, 13–24.
Smith, J. R., Egbe, M. E., and Lyman, W. L. (1999). Bioremediation of contaminated soils, D. C. Adriano et al., eds., Agronomy Monograph 37, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wis., 665–717.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 131 • Issue 1 • January 2005
Pages: 21 - 28
Copyright
© 2004 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 6, 2002
Accepted: Mar 1, 2004
Published online: Jan 1, 2005
Published in print: Jan 2005
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Mark J. Rood
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.