Tsunami-Like Wave-Induced Lateral and Uplift Pressures and Forces on an Elevated Coastal Structure
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 146, Issue 4
Abstract
A large-scale physical model was constructed in the Large Wave Flume of Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory (HWRL) at Oregon State University to develop a dataset of measured pressures and forces acting on an elevated, coastal structure, representing a two-story building with an elevated foundation, due to tsunami-like wave impacts. Two wave cases, unbroken and broken long waves, were investigated by changing the still water level, resulting in cases without and with an air gap between the still water level and the bottom of the test specimen, while maintaining the base of the test specimen at the same elevation. Horizontal and vertical pressures and forces were measured on the faces of the test specimen and between the test specimen and its supports, respectively. Three pressure gauge layouts were used to measure the distribution of pressures around the test specimen for each wave case. Regression surfaces of the pressure gauge measurements illustrate the shape of the pressure distributions on the test specimen. The maximum vertical forces were measured during the unbroken-wave case. However, the streamwise, horizontal force was maximized when the structure was subjected to the broken wave. The findings and data presented here are intended for use by numerical modelers for future validation analyses that can be used toward enabling tsunami-resistant designs of coastal elevated building structures.
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Acknowledgments
This work was conducted as a part of the National Science Foundation–funded NHERI program through Grants CMMI-1536198 and CMMI-1519679. Partial funding was provided as a part of the cooperative agreement 70NANB15H044 between National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Colorado State University through a subaward to Oregon State University. This material is based upon work supported by the HWRL, which is a major facility funded by the National Science Foundation. The authors would also like to thank the staff of the HWRL at Oregon State University, especially Tim Maddux and Cooper Hume Pearson for their contributions to this project. In addition, the authors would like to thank Zeyad Al-Sayhood, Tori Johnson, Hyoungsu Park, and Xinsheng Qin for their contribution to this study. Any opinions, findings and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring agencies.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- alongshore direction width of the specimen;
- streamwise horizontal force;
- vertical force;
- gravitational acceleration;
- height of the specimen;
- mean water depth above the lower elevation of the floor level of the specimen;
- pressure;
- wave direction width of the specimen;
- global coordinate system used within the flume;
- local coordinate system of the specimen for pressure measurement;
- multiple linear regression coefficients, where is an integer;
- mean of the measurements;
- density of water; and
- standard deviation of the measurements.
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Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 146 • Issue 4 • July 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 10, 2018
Accepted: Sep 24, 2019
Published online: Mar 25, 2020
Published in print: Jul 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Aug 25, 2020
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