Modified Goda Equations to Predict Pressure Distribution and Horizontal Forces for Design of Elevated Coastal Structures
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 6
Abstract
A hydraulic physical model study was conducted to quantify horizontal forces and pressure distributions on an elevated structure under nonbreaking, impulsive breaking, and broken wave conditions. Regular wave trials with varying wave heights and periods were used to estimate phase-averaged horizontal pressure distributions at the time of the maximum horizontal force for a range of air-gap conditions, defined as the distance between the still-water level and the base of the elevated structure. Measured pressures for all wave conditions were compared to the Goda equations, originally developed for wave pressures on a vertical caisson breakwater and modified for elevated structures. For breaking waves, the pressure distribution predicted by both the modified Goda equations and equations in ASCE 7-16 were compared to measured pressures. The modified Goda equations showed good agreement with measured pressures and the total horizontal force per unit width and were generally conservative for all wave conditions over a range of structural elevations, including cases in which the structure was elevated above the still-water level. The ASCE 7-16 equations for breaking wave–induced pressures and forces were conservative by factors of 3–20. Results suggest that the modified Goda equations may be used to improve design guidance for at-grade and elevated coastal structures under wave loads with constant storm surge.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Kevin Cueto Alvarado, Trung Do, Benjamin Hunter, Pedro Lomonaco, Tim Maddux, William Short, and Diego Delgado Tamariz for their help in the planning, setup, and execution of experiments. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful and constructive comments. This material is based upon work partially supported by the US Department of Homeland Security under award No. 2015-ST-061-ND0001-01 and by the National Science Foundation under award Nos. 1301016 and 1519679. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Homeland Security or the National Science Foundation.
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Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 6 • November 2019
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© 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 22, 2018
Accepted: Feb 20, 2019
Published online: Sep 4, 2019
Published in print: Nov 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Feb 4, 2020
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