Experimental Investigation on the Wave Elevation around a Semisubmersible in Monochromatic and Irregular Waves
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 1
Abstract
In the present work, the wave elevation around a floating semisubmersible was experimentally studied in monochromatic and irregular waves. The effect of the direction of incident waves was considered by introducing five directions: head sea, quartering head sea, beam sea, quartering following sea, and following sea. In monochromatic wave tests, the normalized wave elevation, harmonic components, mean, and skewness of wave elevation were used to analyze the response of disturbed wave elevation. In irregular wave tests, a response amplification factor, ratio of the significant height of diffracted and radiated waves to that of incident waves, was used to analyze the amplification effect of diffraction. The wave run-up in monochromatic wave tests was found to respond significantly on the weather side and mildly on the lee side. However, a strong response of wave run-up on the lee side was observed in irregular waves. Moreover, a phenomenon of near-trapping associated with a large magnification of wave crest height was discovered and confirmed in between two upstream columns. The near-trapping phenomenon was only observed in monochromatic wave tests, and this phenomenon was not witnessed in irregular wave tests. The energy distribution of disturbed waves was also investigated by using the wave energy density spectrum. The energy distribution was dominated by the diffraction in cases in which strong diffraction occurred.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant 51609206.
References
Bai, W., X. Feng, R. E. Taylor, and K. K. Ang. 2014. “Fully nonlinear analysis of near-trapping phenomenon around an array of cylinders.” Appl. Ocean Res. 44 (Jan): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2013.11.003.
Birknes, J. 2001. “A convergence study of second-order wave elevation on four cylinders.” In Proc., 11th ISOPE Conf. Cupertino, CA: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
Büchmann, B., J. Skourup, and K. F. Cheung. 1998. “Run-up on a structure due to second-order waves and a current in a numerical wave tank.” Appl. Ocean Res. 20 (5): 297–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1187(98)00022-4.
Buldakov, E. V., R. E. Taylor, and P. H. Taylor. 2004. “Local and far-field surface elevation around a vertical cylinder in unidirectional steep wave groups.” Ocean Eng. 31 (7): 833–864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2003.10.005.
Chen, L. F., G. C. J. Morgan, J. Zang, A. Hillis, and P. H. Taylor. 2013. “Modelling wave interactions with a surface-piercing vertical cylinder using OpenFOAM.” In Proc., 28th Int. Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies. France: International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies (IWWFB).
DNV (Det Norske Veritas). 2007. Environmental conditions and environmental loads. Recommended Practice, DNV-RP–C205. Oslo, Norway: DNV.
Evans, D. V., and R. Porter. 1997. “Near-trapping of waves by circular arrays of vertical cylinders.” Appl. Ocean Res. 19 (2): 83–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1187(97)00015-1.
Evans, D. V., and R. Porter. 1998. “Trapped modes embedded in the continuous spectrum.” Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 51 (2): 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmam/51.2.263.
Evans, D. V., and R. Porter. 1999. “Trapping and near-trapping by arrays of cylinders in waves.” J. Eng. Math. 35 (1–2): 149–179. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004358725444.
Galvin, G. J., and R. J. Hallermeier. 1972. “Wave runup on vertical cylinders.” Coastal Eng. Proc. 13 (1972): 1956–1974. https://journals.tdl.org/icce/index.php/icce/article/view/2854/2518.
Hofland, B., E. Diamantidou, P. Steeg, and P. Meys. 2015. “Wave runup and wave overtopping measurements using a laser scanner.” Coastal Eng. 106 (Dec): 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.09.003.
Ji, X. R., S. X. Liu, J. X. Li, and W. Jia. 2015. “Experimental investigation of the interaction of multidirectional irregular waves with a large cylinder.” Ocean Eng. 93 (Jan): 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.10.004.
Jian, W., D. P. Cao, E. Y. Lo, Z. H. Huang, X. B. Chen, Z. P. Cheng, H. Gu, and B. B. Li. 2017. “Wave runup on a surging vertical cylinder in regular waves.” Appl. Ocean Res. 63 (Feb): 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2017.01.016.
Kamath, A., H. Bihs, M. Chella, and O. Arntsen. 2016. “Upstream-cylinder and downstream-cylinder influence on the hydrodynamics of a four-cylinder group.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 142 (4): 04016002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000339.
Kandasamy, M., T. Xing, and F. Stern. 2009. “Unsteady free surface wave-induced separation: Vortical structures and instabilities.” J. Fluids Struct. 25 (2): 343–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2008.05.002.
Kim, M., and D. Yue. 1989. “The complete second-order diffraction solution for an axisymmetric body. Part 1: Monochromatic incident waves.” J. Fluid Mech. 200: 235–264. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112089000649.
Kim, M., and D. Yue. 1990. “The complete second-order diffraction solution for an axisymmetric body. Part 2: Bichromatic incident waves and body motions.” J. Fluid Mech. 211: 557–593. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112090001690.
Kriebel, D. 2001. “Wave amplification and air gap tests on a MOB module.” In Proc., 24th US-Japan Marine Facilities Panel, US-Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources. Honolulu, HI.
Kriebel, D. L. 1987. “A second-order diffraction theory for wave runup and wave forces on a vertical circular cylinder.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Florida.
Lee, C. H., and J. N. Newman. 1994. “Second-order wave effects on offshore structures.” In Vol. 2 of Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Behaviour of Offshore Structures (BOSS’94). Oxford, UK: Pergamon.
Lin, P. Z., L. Cheng, and D. M. Liu. 2016. “A two-phase flow model for wave–structure interaction using a virtual boundary force method.” Comput. Fluids 129 (Apr): 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2016.02.007.
Manuel, L., and S. Winterstein. 2000. “Reliability-based predictions of a design air gap for floating offshore structures.” In Proc., 8th ASCE Specialty Conf. on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Manuel, L., and S. R. Winterstein. 1998. Estimation of air gap statistics for floating structures. Rep. TN-4. Stanford, CA: Reliability of Marine Structures Program, Dept. of Civ. & Environ. Eng., Stanford Univ.
Martin, A., W. Easson, and T. Bruce. 2001. “Runup on columns in steep, deep water regular waves.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 127 (1): 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2001)127:1(26).
Matsumoto, F. T., R. A. Watai, A. N. Simos, and M. D. A. S. Ferreira. 2010. “Wave run-up and air gap prediction for a large-volume semi-submersible platform.” J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 135 (1): 011302. https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2010-20165.
McCamy, R., and R. Fuchs. 1954. Wave forces on piles: A diffraction theory. Technical Memo No. 69. Washington, DC: Beach Erosion Board, US Army Corps of Engineers.
Morris-Thomas, M. T., and K. P. Thiagarajan. 2004. “The run-up on a cylinder in progressive surface gravity waves: Harmonic components.” Appl. Ocean Res. 26 (3–4): 98–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2004.11.002.
Myrhaug, D., and L. E. Holmedal. 2010. “Wave run-up on slender circular cylindrical foundations for offshore wind turbines in nonlinear random waves.” Coastal Eng. 57 (6): 567–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2009.12.003.
Newman, J. N., and C. H. Lee. 1995. “Runup on a vertical cylinder in long waves. ” In Proc., 10th Int. Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies, edited by R. Eatock Taylor, 198–191. Oxford, UK: Dept. of Eng. Sci., Univ. of Oxford.
Niedzwecki, J., and A. Duggal. 1992. “Wave runup and forces on cylinders in regular and random waves.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 118 (6): 615–634. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1992)118:6(615).
Nielsen, F. G. 2003. “Comparative study on airgap under floating platforms and run-up along platform columns.” Mar. Struct. 16 (2): 97–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0951-8339(02)00023-0.
Nikitin, K. D., M. A. Olshanskii, K. M. Terekhov, Y. V. Vassilevski, and R. M. Yanbarisov. 2017. “An adaptive numerical method for free surface flows passing rigidly mounted obstacles.” Comput. Fluids 148 (Apr): 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2017.02.007.
Park, J. C., M. H. Kim, H. Miyata, and H. H. Chun. 2003. “Fully nonlinear numerical wave tank (NWT) simulations and wave run-up prediction around 3-D structures.” Ocean Eng. 30 (15): 1969–1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-8018(03)00041-6.
Rhee, S. 2009. “Unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes method for free-surface wave flows around surface-piercing cylindrical structures.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 135 (4): 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2009)135:4(135).
Spring, B. H., and P. L. Monkmeyer. 1974. “Interaction of plane waves with vertical cylinders.” Coastal Eng. Proc. 14 (1974): 1828–1847.
Stansberg, C. T., and T. Kristiansen. 2005. “Non-linear scattering of steep surface waves around vertical columns.” Appl. Ocean Res. 27 (2): 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2005.11.004.
Sweetman, B. 2004. “Practical airgap prediction for offshore structure.” J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 126 (2): 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1710870.
Sweetman, B., and S. Winterstein. 2003. “Non-Gaussian air gap response models for floating structures.” J. Eng. Mech. 129 (3): 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2003)129:3(302).
Teng, B., and P. W. Cong. 2012. “Simulation of nonlinear wave elevation around a square array of truncated cylinders.” In Proc., 27th Int. Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies. Copenhagen, Denmark: International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies (IWWFB).
Walker, D. A. G., R. E. Taylor, P. H. Taylor, and J. Zang. 2008. “Wave diffraction and near-trapping by a multi-column gravity-based structure.” Ocean Eng. 35 (2): 201–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2007.08.005.
Walker, D. A. G., P. H. Taylor, R. E. Taylor, and J. Zang. 2006. “Diffraction theory as a tool for predicting airgap beneath a multicolumn gravity-based structure.” Int. J. Offshore Polar Eng. 16 (3): 175–182.
Wang, Y. G. 2014. “Calculating crest statistics of shallow water nonlinear waves based on standard spectra and measured data at the Poseidon platform.” Ocean Eng. 87 (Sep): 16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.05.012.
Winterstein, S. R., and B. Sweetman. 2001. “Air gap response of floating structures: Statistical predictions versus observed behavior.” J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. 123 (3): 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1377867.
Xiao, L., H. Lu, X. Li, and L. Tao. 2016. “Probability analysis of wave run-ups and air gap response of a deepwater semisubmersible platform using LH-moments estimation method.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 142 (2): 04015019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000325.
Yoon, S. H., D. H. Kim, H. Sadat-Hosseini, J. M. Yang, and F. Stern. 2016. “High-fidelity CFD simulation of wave run-up for single/multiple surface-piercing cylinders in regular head waves.” Appl. Ocean Res. 59 (Sep): 687–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2015.08.008.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 1 • January 2019
Copyright
© 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 1, 2017
Accepted: Jul 3, 2018
Published online: Oct 15, 2018
Published in print: Jan 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Mar 15, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.