Field Testing of Anchored Diaphragm Quay Wall Supported Using Barrette Piles
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 144, Issue 4
Abstract
A diaphragm quay wall anchored using barrette piles was constructed to increase retained soil elevation and reduce quay wall deflection. This article presents the long-term field-test results of the first practical application of the new structure. The performance of the structure is discussed in terms of the settlement, lateral deflection, bending moment, tensile force, and lateral earth pressure. The maximum lateral displacement was found to be approximately 0.23% of the wall height. The barrette piles exhibited the highest bending moment among the different structures, indicating that they can effectively bear lateral loads. The load-transfer mechanism of the barrette piles can be summarized as a combination of the blocking effect in carrying the horizontal earth pressure and the anchoring effect in carrying the loads from the quay wall through tie-rods. The increase in the spacing between the quay wall and the barrette piles leads to a reduction in the horizontal earth pressure at higher elevations of the structures. Compared to the measurement results, Coulomb’s earth pressure theory significantly overestimates the earth pressure acting on the quay wall. Moreover, the lateral deflection increment as a result of dredging activities is greater than that resulting from superstructure construction.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51309087 and 51639002) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013B31414).
References
Abaqus 6.11 [Computer software]. SIMULIA, Providence, RI.
Amer, H. A. R. (2013). “Effect of wall penetration depth on the behavior of sheet pile walls.” M.S. thesis, Univ. of Dayton, Dayton, OH.
Bilgin, Ö., and Erten, M. B., (2009). “Analysis of anchored sheet pile wall deformations.” Proc., Int. Foundation Congress and Equipment Expo 2009, ASCE, Reston, VA, 137–144.
Bilgin, Ö. (2012). “Lateral earth pressure coefficients for anchored sheet pile walls.” Int. J. Geomech., 584–595.
Bilgin, Ö., Mansour, E., and Gabar, M. (2011). “Serviceability considerations in the design of sheet pile walls for risk management.” Proc., Geo-Risk 2011, ASCE, Reston, VA, 754–761.
Bourne-Webb, P. J., Potts, D. M., König, D., and Rowbottom, D. (2011). “Analysis of model sheet pile walls with plastic hinges.” Géotechnique, 61(6), 487–499.
Cherubini, C. (2000). “Probabilistic approach to the design of anchored sheet pile walls.” Comput. Geotech., 26(3–4), 309–330.
Chowdhury, I., and Dasgupta, S. P. (2014). “Analysis of anchored sheet piles under static load.” Electron. J. Geotech. Eng., 19, 4041–4063.
Clough, G. W., and O’Rourke, T. D. (1990). “Construction induced movements of in situ walls.” Design and performance of earth retaining structures, ASCE, Reston, VA.
El Sawwaf, M. A. (2005). “Strip footing behavior on pile and sheet pile-stabilized sand slope.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 705–715.
Endley, S. N., Dunlap, W. A., Knuckey, D. M., and Sreerama, K. (2000). “Performance of an anchored sheet-pile wall.” Proc., Geo-Denver 2000, ASCE, Reston, VA, 179–197.
Georgiadis, M., and Anagnostopoulos, C. (1998). “Lateral pressure on sheet pile walls due to strip load.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 95–98.
Milligan, G. W. E. (1983). “Soil deformations near anchored sheet-pile walls.” Géotechnique, 33(1), 41–55.
Mollahasani, A. (2014). “Application of submerged grouted anchors in sheet pile quay walls.” M.S. thesis, Univ. of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Nasr, A. M. (2014). “Behavior of strip footing on fiber-reinforced cemented sand adjacent to sheet pile wall.” Geotext. Geomembr., 42(6), 599–610.
Rowe, P. W. (1952). “Anchored sheet-pile walls.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., 1(1), 27–70.
Schanz, T., Vermeer, P. A., and Bonnier, P. G. (1999). “The hardening soil model: Formulation and verification.” Proc., Beyond 2000 Computational Geotechnics, Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1–16.
Spencer, T. E. (2004). “Concrete sheet pile repair Naval Station, San Diego California.” Proc., Ports Conf. 2004, ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–8.
Tan, Y., and Lu, Y. (2009). “Parametric studies of DDC-induced deflections of sheet pile walls in soft soils.” Comput. Geotech., 36(5), 902–910.
Tan, Y., and Paikowsky, S. G. (2008). “Performance of sheet pile wall in peat.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 445–458.
Vaghar, S., and Fung, F. (2007). “Design and construction of bulkheads using synthetic sheeting.” Proc., 11th Triannual Int. Conf., ASCE, Reston, VA.
Vaziri, H. H. (1996). “Numerical study of parameters influencing the response of flexible retaining walls.” Can. Geotech. J., 33(2), 290–308.
Veiskarami, M., and Zanj, A. (2014). “Stability of sheet-pile walls subjected to seepage flow by slip lines and finite elements.” Géotechnique, 64(10), 759–775.
Wang, S.-T., Vasquez, L., and Xu, D. (2013). “Application of soil-structure interaction (SSI) in the analysis of flexible retaining walls.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. Geotech. Earthquake Engineering, ASCE, Reston, VA, 567–577.
Wolters, H. J., Bakker, K. J., and De Gijt, J. G., (2013). “Reliability of quay walls using finite element analysis calibration of partial safety factors in quay wall design by probabilistic Plaxis calculations.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. of the Euro-Asia Civil Engineering Forum, National Univ. of Singapore, Singapore.
Xu, C. J., Yin, M., and Pan, X. D. (2016). “Field test and numerical simulation of tidal bore pressures on sheet-pile groin in Qiantang River.” Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol., 34(4), 303–312.
Young, D. K., and Ho, E. W. L. (1994). “The observational approach to design of a sheet-piled retaining wall.” Géotechnique, 44(4), 637–654.
Zekri, A., Ghalandarzadeh, A., Ghasemi, P., and Aminfar, M. H. (2015). “Experimental study of remediation measures of anchored sheet pile quay walls using soil compaction.” Ocean Eng., 93, 45–63.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 144 • Issue 4 • July 2018
Copyright
© 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 16, 2017
Accepted: Jan 29, 2018
Published online: Apr 25, 2018
Published in print: Jul 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Sep 25, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.