Simple Physical Models to Simulate the Behavior of Buckling-Type Marine Fenders
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper presents a simple physical model for the numerical simulation of the behavior of buckling-type marine fenders. The proposed model is characterized by four parameters and is derived starting from similarities between the unstable behavior of marine fenders and shallow arches. In this model, the large displacements solution expressing the relationship between the model displacements and reaction force is determined in a nondimensional form, and the model parameters are calibrated to minimize residuals between real and predicted normalized reaction force–deflection curves. By considering an in-series arrangement of two elementary physical models, the approach can be also used to simulate the behavior of parallel-motion fenders. The proposed model can be directly implemented in commercial computer programs for structural analysis to study interactions arising between buckling-type marine fenders and flexible berthing structures. In this paper, the model effectiveness in capturing the behavior of fenders and parallel motions systems is evaluated through comparisons of results, both in terms of reaction force and absorbed energy, with data of real devices, obtained from three different manufacturers. Results demonstrate the model efficiency and suitability for reproducing the behavior of a wide range of devices.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ANSYS [Computer software]. ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA.
API (American Petroleum Institute). (2007). “Recommended practice for planning, designing and constructing fixed offshore platforms working stress design.” API RP 2A-WSD, Washington, DC.
Bogage, A. (2008). “Structural testing and analysis of a non-traditional pier.” M.S. thesis, Univ. of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
Bradshaw, A. S., et al. (2006). “Simple dynamic model for fender pile analysis and design.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 419–422.
BSI (British Standards Institution). (1988). “Maritime structures—Part 2: Code of practice for design of quay walls, jetties and dolphins.” BS 6349-2, London.
BSI (British Standards Institution). (1994). “Maritime structures - part 4: code of practice for design of fendering and mooring systems.” BS 6349-4, 2nd Ed., London.
Cole, J. C. et al. (2012). “Modelling details of fenders in float-over installation experiments.” Proc., ASME 2012, 31st Int. Conf. on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, Paper No. OMAE2012-83166, ASME, New York, 151–159.
Cummings, W. E. (1962). “The impulse response function and ship motion.” D.T.M.B., Rep. 1661, David Taylor Model Basin, Washington, DC.
Duvall, S. (2011). “Development of a water filled fender system for off-shore installations.” Proc., 8th European LS-DYNA Users Conf., Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, CA.
EAU. (1996). Recommendations of the Committee for Waterfront Structures: Harbours and waterways, 7th Ed., Ernst&Sohn, Berlin.
Eskenazi, J., and Wang, J. H. (2015). “Analysis of angular side berthing against a rubber cone fender.” J. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. (Sci.), 20(5), 571–583.
Fontijn, H. L. (1977). “Forces on berthing structures from moving ships.” Proc., 17th IAHR World Congress, International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research, Madrid, Spain, Paper C16, 119–126.
Fontijn, H. L. (1980). “The berthing of a ship to a jetty.” J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 106(WW2), 239–259.
Fontijn, H. L. (1988). “Fender forces in ship berthing.” Report 88-2, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Freygin, B., and Vitaly, P. E. (2015). “Design of semi-flexible and flexible dolphins with concrete pile caps.” Global J. Res. Eng., 15(1-E), 1–22.
Gohil, M. D., Patil, P. G., and Shah, U. V. (2013). “Modelling and simulation of parallel motion fender.” IJSR, 2(5), 263–264.
Hourani, M., et al. (2004). “Fender system selection using ANSYS.” Proc., 2004 Int. ANSYS Conf., ANSYS, Canonsburg, PA, Paper 87.
Jiang, C. W., and Janava, R. C. (1983). “Analytical technique for ship-fender interaction.” Technical Rep., Defense Technical Information Center, Fort Belvoir, VA.
Jiang, Z., and Mintong, G. (2009). “Optimization of a fender structure for the crashworthiness design.” Mater. Des., 31(3), 1085–1095.
Journee, J. M. J. (1993). “User manual of program SEAWAY-D/4.10: A pre-processing program of DREDMO/4.0.” Rep. No. 969, Delft Univ. of Technology Ship Hydromechanics Laboratory, Delft, Netherlands.
Lai, P. S. K., and Chevalley, X. (2010). “Numerical modelling of installation aids for platform installation.” Proc., Deep Offshore Technology Conference, Deep Offshore Technology International, Houston, TX.
LS-DYNA [Computer software]. Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore, CA.
MARIN (Maritime Research Institute Netherlands). (2006). LIFSIM user guide. Wageningen, Netherlands.
MOPT (Ministerio de Obras Publicas y Transportes). (2007). “Recommendations for the design of the maritime configuration of ports, approach channels and harbour basins.” ROM 3.1-99, Puertos del Estadio, Spain.
Mynett, A. E., Keuning, P. J., and Vis, F. C. (1985). “The dynamic behavior of moored vessels inside a harbour configuration.” Proc., Int. Conf. Numerical and Hydraulic Modelling of Ports and Harbours, British Hydromechanics Research Association, Birmingham, U.K., 211–220.
NEN (Netherland Standardizzation Institute). (1997). “Staalconstructies: TGB 1990. 2e druk.” NEN 6770, Nederlands Normalisatieinstituut, Delft, Netherlands.
NEN (Netherland Standardizzation Institute). (2003). “Eisen voor buisleidingsystemen—deel 2: staal.” NEN 3650-2, Nederlands Normalisatieinstituut, Delft, Netherlands.
Neşer, G., and Ünsalan, D. (2006). “Dynamics of ships and fenders during berthing in a time domain.” Ocean Eng., 33(14–15), 1919–1934.
Patran [Computer software]. MSC Software, Newport Beach, CA.
PIANC (Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses). (1984). “Rep. of the International Commission for Improving the Design of Fender Systems.” Suppl. to Bulletin No. 45, International Navigation Association, Brussels, Belgium.
PIANC (Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses). (2002). “Guidelines for the design of fender system: 2002.” PIANC WG33, Rapport du Groupe de Travail n°33 de la Commission pour La Navigation Maritime, Association Internationale Permanente des Congrès de Navigation, Brussels, Belgium.
Risselada, T. J., and Deleen, C. (1987). “Adjustable marine fender system programmed with the aid of numerical models in order to minimize berthing and mooring loads.” Proc., the 20th Coastal Engineering Conference. ASCE, Reston, VA, 2735–2741.
Saurin, B. F. (1963). “Berthing forces of large tankers.” Proc., 6th World Petroleum Congress, World Petroleum Council, London, 63–73.
Van Oomerterssen, G. (1976). “The motions of a moored ship in waves.” Thesis, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Vantorre, M. (1992). “Mathematical modelling of fender forces and memory effect for simulation of ship manoeuvres in confined waters.” Proc., 10th Int. Harbour Congress, 31–40.
Vasco Costa, F. (1964). The berthing ship, the effect in impact on the design of fenders and other structures, Foxlow, London.
Versteegt, G. (2013). “Berthing loads in structural design. Validation of partial factors.” Thesis, Delft Univ. of Technology, Civil Engineering and Geo-sciences, Delft, Netherlands.
Vrijer, A. (1983). “Fender forces caused by ship impacts.” Pub. 309, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Delft, Netherlands.
Yazdani, N., et al. (2000). “Investigation of fender systems for vessel impact.” Final Rep. WPI0510846, 1902-137-11. Florida Dept. of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL.
Yildiz, F. (2013). “The effect of different strain energy functions on rubber fender. Experiment and finite element simulation.” J. Elastomers Plas., 46(8), 722–736.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 1 • January 2017
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 3, 2016
Accepted: May 31, 2016
Published online: Jul 20, 2016
Discussion open until: Dec 20, 2016
Published in print: Jan 1, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.