Abstract
Research on the influence of tsunamis on bridges has been based almost exclusively on the results of field surveys and of two-dimensional analysis. Although these analyses can provide estimates of forces and moments on the structure, they do not account for three-dimensional (3D) phenomena, such as channelization, or geometric effects, such as bridge skew. Using a 3D computational fluid dynamics approach, this work analyzes the temporal and spatial dynamics of a bore-type tsunami loading on a model bridge and shows how the skew angle of the bridge relative to the incoming wave can affect the loading history. The analyses found that, unlike a bridge without skew, (1) the bore impact forces on the skewed deck do not all occur at the same time; (2) the skewed bridge is subjected to a force perpendicular to its abutments, which could lead to unseating; and (3) the skewed bridge is subjected to pitching and spinning moments. These effects combine to lead to increased horizontal reactions in the substructure components nearest the incoming wave. The vertical reactions were relatively insensitive to skew angle.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the National Science Foundation and Dr. Richard Fragaszy (Program Manager) for their financial support through Grant CMMI-1344615. This work was facilitated through the use of advanced computational, storage, and networking infrastructure provided by the Hyak supercomputer system, supported in part by the University of Washington eScience Institute.
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Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 142 • Issue 3 • May 2016
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© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 14, 2015
Accepted: Sep 22, 2015
Published online: Dec 30, 2015
Published in print: May 1, 2016
Discussion open until: May 30, 2016
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