Effects of Lime-Clay Modification on the Consolidation Behavior of the Dredged Mud
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 6
Abstract
A series of laboratory tests was performed to evaluate the effect of clay fabric, altered due to the addition of hydrated lime into slurry, on the primary and secondary consolidation behavior of dredged mud samples. In this research, the seepage-induced consolidation test is proposed as a technique to determine the threshold value of lime, below which maximum flocculation of the clay particles takes place. A series of oedometer tests was conducted on lime treated samples in both normally consolidated (NC) and artificially over- consolidated (OC) states. The results obtained in NC range showed that both the coefficient of consolidation and compression index increased as the lime content increased. Under the same value of effective stress, with varying the amount of lime, the compression index increased and secondary compression index reduced, resulting in a gradual reduction of value. The laboratory results show that in the OC state and with surcharging, both the secondary compression index and recompression index reduced when the percentage of lime increased. However, it was observed that the surcharging effort has less impact on secondary compression as the percentage of lime increased. This study may encourage an innovative ground improvement technique, in which dredged mud slurry can be mixed with lime prior to discharging into a containment pond in order to optimize the effectiveness of preloading on the dredged mud layer.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers thank Mr. Warren O’Donnell in SoE at James Cook University for his technical assistance throughout this research program. The cooperation of Coffey Geosciences Pty Ltd in provision of the samples from the reclamation site of the Port of Brisbane is acknowledged.
References
Ahnberg, H. (2007). “On yield stresses and the influence of curing stresses on stress paths and strength measured in triaxial testing of stabilized soil.” Can. Geotech. J., 44(1), 54–66.
Bennett, R. H., and Hulbert, M. H. (1986). Clay microstructure, International Human Resources Development Corp., Boston.
Boardman, D. I., Glendinning, S., and Rogers, C. D. F. (2001). “Development of stabilization and solidification in lime-clay mixes.” Geotechnique, 50(6), 533–543.
Brandl, H. (1981). “Alteration of soil parameters by stabilization with lime.” Proc., 10th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 3, Stockholm, Sweden, 587–595.
British Standards Institution. (1990). “Stabilized materials for civil engineering purpose.” Methods of test for cement-stabilized and lime-stabilized materials, BS 1924: Part 2, BSI, London.
Broms, B., and Boaman, P. (1979). “Lime columns—A new foundation method.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 105, 539–590.
Buensuceso, B. R. (1990). “Engineering behavior of lime treated soft Bangkok clay.” Ph.D. thesis, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok.
Cassia de Brito Galvao, T., Elsharief, A., and Ferreira Simoes, G. (2004). “Effects of lime on permeability and compressibility of two tropical residual soils.” J. Environ. Eng., 130(8), 881–885.
Eades, J. L., and Grim, R. E. (1966). “A quick test to determine lime requirements for lime stabilization: In behaviour characteristics of lime-soil mixtures.” Highw. Res. Rec., 139, 61–72.
El-Rawi, N. M., and Awad, A. A. A. (1981). “Permeability of lime stabilized soils.” Transp. Engrg. J., 107(1), 25–35.
Feng, T. W. (2002). “Effects of small cement content on consolidation behavior of a lacustrine clay.” Geotech. Test. J., 25(1), 53–60.
Fox, P. J. (1996). “Analysis of hydraulic gradient effects for laboratory hydraulic conductivity testing.” Geotech. Test. J., 19(2), 181–190.
Holm, G., Bredenberg, H., and Broms, B. B. (1981). “Lime columns as foundations for light structures.” Proc., 10th Int. Conf. on SM and FE, Vol. 3, Stockholm, Sweden, 687–694.
Imai, G. (1979). “Development of a new consolidation test procedure using seepage force.” Soil Found., 19(3), 45–60.
Imai, G., Yano, K., and Aoki, S. (1984). “Applicability of hydraulic consolidation test for very soft clayey soils.” Soil Found., 24(2), 29–42.
Locat, J., Berube, M. A., and Choquette, M. (1990). “Laboratory investigations on the lime stabilization of sensitive clays: Shear strength development.” Can. Geotech. J., 27, 294–304.
Locat, J., Tremblay, H., and Leroueil, S. (1996). “Mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of a soft inorganic clay treated with lime.” Can. Geotech. J., 33, 654–669.
McCallister, L. D., and Petry, T. M. (1992). “Leach test on lime-treated clays.” Geotech. Test. J., 15, 106–114.
Mesri, G., Ajlouni, M. A., Feng, T. W., and Lo, D. O. K. (2001). “Surcharging of soft ground to reduce secondary settlement.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Soft Soil Engineering, Hong Kong, 55–65.
Mesri, G., and Castro, A. (1987). “Concept and during secondary compression.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 113(3), 230–246.
Mesri, G., and Feng, T. W. (1991). “Surcharging to reduce secondary settlements.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Geotechnical Engineering for Coastal Development—Theory to Practice, Vol. 1, Yokohama, Japan, 359–364.
Mesri, G., and Godlewski, P. M. (1977). “Time-and stress-compressibility interrelationship.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 103(GT5), 417–430.
Mesri, G., Stark, T. D., Ajlouni, M. S., and Chen, C. S. (1997). “Secondary compression of peat with or without surcharging.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(5), 411–421.
Rajasekaran, G., and Narasimha Rao, S. (2002). “Permeability characteristics of lime treated marine clay.” Ocean Eng., 29, 113–127.
Rogers, C. D. F., Glendinning, S., and Roff, T. E. J. (1997). “Modification of clay soils for construction expediency, geotechnical engineering.” Proc., Institution of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Engineering, London, 242–249.
Sherwood, P. T. (1993). Soil stabilization with cement and lime, HMSO, London.
Sridharan, A., and Prakash, K. (1999a). “Simplified seepage consolidation test for soft sediments.” Geotech. Test. J., 22(3), 235–244.
Sridharan, A., and Prakash, K. (1999b). “Influence of clay mineralogy and pore-medium chemistry on clay sediment formation.” Can. Geotech. J., 36(5), 961–966.
Townsend, D. C., and Kylm, T. W. (1966). “Durability of lime-stabilized soils.” Highway Research Rec. 139, Highway Research Board, National Research Council, Washington D.C., 25–41.
Van Olphen, H. (1962). An introduction to clay colloid chemistry, Interscience, New York, 92–110.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Mar 26, 2008
Accepted: Nov 11, 2008
Published online: Feb 26, 2009
Published in print: Nov 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.