Modeling the Mixing Phenomenon in Water Distribution Networks: A State-of-the-Art Review
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 148, Issue 2
Abstract
This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of modeling the mixing phenomenon of junctions in water distribution systems (WDSs). Firstly, the basic concepts and governing equations of the mixing phenomenon are presented. The complete mixing simplifying assumption used in the existing tools of WDSs modeling and management (EPANET, WaterCAD) is described. The paper goes on to show that the complete mixing simplifying assumption can lead to erroneous results. Then, the most frequent incomplete mixing models are described, including AZRED, EPANET-BAM, EPANET-BAM-WRAP, and two analytical models. Also, a summary of all the existing mixing models is provided, trying to determine which mixing model is better to use for a specific urban water distribution network. Because this question can only be partially answered, the paper ends by proposing potential future developments in modeling the mixing in junctions: taking into account the effect of the chemical reaction on the mixing phenomenon in junctions, and considering real-world pipe sizes and pressure to study the mixing phenomenon.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Grant No. RGPIN-2018-05473.
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Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 148 • Issue 2 • February 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Dec 2, 2021
Published in print: Feb 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 2, 2022
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Business management
- Chemicals
- Chemistry
- Computer models
- Decision making
- Decision support systems
- Engineering fundamentals
- Environmental engineering
- Hydration
- Infrastructure
- Laminating
- Materials engineering
- Materials processing
- Models (by type)
- Municipal water
- Pipe sizes
- Pipeline systems
- Pipes
- Practice and Profession
- Pressure pipes
- Water (by type)
- Water and water resources
- Water management
- Water supply
- Water supply systems
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