Optimal Location of Valves to Improve Equity in Intermittent Water Distribution Systems
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 147, Issue 5
Abstract
This paper proposes a methodology to increase the level of water distribution equity in intermittent water distribution networks (WDNs) with users equipped with private tanks. The methodology makes it possible to identify optimal valve locations and settings to improve the distribution of water among users by rearranging the flow circulation in the network. Two optimization schemes based on the use of NSGA II were developed. The first scheme aims at maximizing the global distribution equity of a WDN through installation of valves fully closed. The second scheme looks also at the levels of supply of the individual nodes of a WDN and includes optimization of both locations and settings of control valves. The two optimization schemes are applied to the case study of a WDN in northern Italy considering a scenario of water shortage. The EPA’s Storm Water Management Model software was used for the pressure-driven simulation of an intermittent WDN. Results of the application of the two optimization schemes highlight the potential for an increase in the global equity of the WDN by installation of a few valves. However, some nodes of the WDN were penalized by the new flow circulation as obtained by solutions provided by the first scheme. In fact, these nodes unacceptably worsen their condition compared to the no-valve scenario. Conversely, solutions obtained with the second scheme allowed demand satisfaction levels to not worsen compared to the no-valve scenario for all nodes.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Information & Authors
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Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 147 • Issue 5 • May 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 11, 2020
Accepted: Nov 22, 2020
Published online: Feb 25, 2021
Published in print: May 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jul 25, 2021
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