Abstract
Water distribution systems are vulnerable to hazards that threaten water delivery, water quality, and physical and cybernetic infrastructure. Water utilities and managers are responsible for assessing and preparing for these hazards, and researchers have developed a range of computational frameworks to explore and identify strategies for what-if scenarios. This manuscript conducts a review of the literature to report on the state of the art in modeling methodologies that have been developed to support the security of water distribution systems. First, the major activities outlined in the emergency management framework are reviewed; the activities include risk assessment, mitigation, emergency preparedness, response, and recovery. Simulation approaches and prototype software tools are reviewed that have been developed by government agencies and researchers for assessing and mitigating four threat modes, including contamination events, physical destruction, interconnected infrastructure cascading failures, and cybernetic attacks. Modeling tools are mapped to emergency management activities, and an analysis of the research is conducted to group studies based on methodologies that are used and developed to support emergency management activities. Recommendations are made for research needs that will contribute to the enhancement of the security of water distribution systems.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This publication was developed under Cooperative Agreement No. 83595001 awarded by the US Environmental Protection Agency to The University of Texas at Austin. It has been subjected to the Agency’s review and has been approved for publication. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Agency. EPA does not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication.
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Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 146 • Issue 8 • August 2020
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©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Published online: Jun 13, 2020
Published in print: Aug 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Nov 13, 2020
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