Eco-Layouts in Water Distribution Systems
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 145, Issue 1
Abstract
To achieve maximum efficiency in water pressurized transport, it is necessary to perform a global analysis, whenever possible starting from the system’s conception. The first stage of the process is the network layout, the main topic of this paper. The optimum topology from an energy point of view (or eco-layout) is the one that, insofar as is feasible, allows equalizing the network’s pressure to the set pressure standards. Eco-layouts can be easily designed in new systems but are difficult to implement, mainly in the short term, in operating networks. Nevertheless, because no system is eternal, the required actions can be gradually implemented. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to identify and discuss these guidelines and actions, some of which are apparently contradictory to current design criteria, whereas others endorse modern management trends. These strategies can be summarized in two points: (1) providing lower pressure to consumers saves energy, and (2) setting up smaller pressure zones in terms of the elevation steps between zones will enable water companies to supply water at lower pressure in hilly areas. In the end, networks with more-efficient layouts can achieve important energy savings.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the valuable contributions made by the reviewers of this paper, because their comments and suggestions helped to significantly improve the contents. Additionally, the authors thank Omnium Ibérico/Aguas de Valencia for partially funding this research, and particularly its Energy Efficiency Department for providing some real case studies which inspired some of the examples included in this paper.
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Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 145 • Issue 1 • January 2019
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 18, 2017
Accepted: Jul 17, 2018
Published online: Nov 14, 2018
Published in print: Jan 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Apr 14, 2019
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