Efficient Modeling of Active Control Valves in Water Distribution Systems Using the Loop Method
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 144, Issue 10
Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to model pressure- and flow-regulating devices in the context of the Newton-Raphson loop method for water distribution network simulation. The proposed approach uses a symmetric matrix for the underlying linear systems, which enables simpler implementation and faster solution, while producing iterations very close to the global gradient algorithm of EPANET. The structure of the matrix is kept unchanged regardless of the operational status of the valves. The paper presents results that validate its formulation, accuracy, and speed in various case studies.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abraham, E., and I. Stoianov. 2015. “Efficient preconditioned iterative methods for hydraulic simulation of large scale water distribution networks.” Procedia Eng. 119: 623–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.915.
Abraham, E., and I. Stoianov. 2016. “Sparse null space algorithms for hydraulic analysis of large-scale water supply networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 142 (3): 04015058. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001089.
Alvarruiz, F., F. Martínez-Alzamora, and A. M. Vidal. 2017a. “A toolkit for water distribution systems’ simulation using the loop method and high performance computing.” Procedia Eng. 186: 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.250.
Alvarruiz, F., F. Martínez-Alzamora, and A. M. Vidal. 2017b. “Improving the performance of water distribution systems simulation on multicore systems.” J. Supercomputing 73 (1): 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-015-1607-5.
Alvarruiz, F., F. Martínez-Alzamora, and A. M. Vidal. 2015. “Improving the efficiency of the loop method for the simulation of water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 141 (10): 04015019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000539.
Arsene, C., D. Al-Dabass, and J. Hartley. 2012. “A study on modeling and simulation of water distribution systems based on loop corrective flows and containing controlling hydraulics elements.” In Proc., Third Int. Conf. Intelligent Systems, Modelling and Simulation (ISMS), 2012, 423–430. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.
Ateş, S. 2017. “Hydraulic modelling of control devices in loop equations of water distribution networks.” Flow Meas. Instrum. 53: 243–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2016.12.002.
Bartolín, H., F. Martínez-Alzamora, and J. A. Cortés. 2008. “Bringing up to date WDS models by querying. An EPANET-based GIS geodatabase.” In Proc., Eighth Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symp. 2006. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Burger, G., R. Sitzenfrei, M. Kleidorfer, and W. Rauch. 2016. “Quest for a new solver for EPANET 2.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 142 (3): 04015065. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000596.
Creaco, E., and M. Franchini. 2014. “Comparison of Newton-Raphson global and loop algorithms for water distribution network resolution.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 140 (3): 313–321. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000825.
Creaco, E., and M. Franchini. 2015. “The identification of loops in water distribution networks.” Procedia Eng. 119: 506–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.878.
Deuerlein, J., R. Cembrowicz, and S. Dempe. 2005. “Hydraulic simulation of water supply networks under control.” In Proc., World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Deuerlein, J., A. Simpson, and S. Dempe. 2009a. “Modeling the behavior of flow regulating devices in water distribution systems using constrained nonlinear programming.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 135 (11): 970–982. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000108.
Deuerlein, J., A. Simpson, and E. Gross. 2009b. “The never ending story of modeling control-devices in hydraulic systems analysis.” In Proc., Water Distribution Systems Analysis 2008. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Elhay, S., O. Piller, J. Deuerlein, and A. R. Simpson. 2016. “A robust, rapidly convergent method that solves the water distribution equations for pressure-dependent models.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 142 (2): 04015047. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000578.
Elhay, S., A. Simpson, J. Deuerlein, B. Alexander, and W. Schilders. 2014. “Reformulated co-tree flows method competitive with the global gradient algorithm for solving water distribution system equations.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 140 (12): 04014040. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000431.
EPANET. 2018. “EPANET Documentation.” Accessed June 29, 2018. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-06/en2updates.txt.
Epp, R., and A. G. Fowler. 1970. “Efficient code for steady-state flows in networks.” J. Hydraul. Div. 96 (1): 43–56.
Farmani, R., D. A. Savic, and G. A. Walters. 2005. “Evolutionary multi-objective optimization in water distribution network design.” Eng. Optim. 37 (2): 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/03052150512331303436.
Guidolin, M., Z. Kapelan, and D. Savic. 2013. “Using high performance techniques to accelerate demand-driven hydraulic solvers.” J. Hydroinf. 15 (1): 38–54. https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2012.198.
Jeppson, R. W. 1976. Analysis of flow in pipe networks. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science.
Mair, M., R. Sitzenfrei, M. Kleidorfer, and W. Rauch. 2014. “Performance improvement with parallel numerical model simulations in the field of urban water management.” J. Hydroinf. 16 (2): 477–486. https://doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2013.287.
Ostfeld, A., et al. 2008. “The battle of the water sensor networks (BWSN): A design challenge for engineers and algorithms.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 134 (6): 556–568. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2008)134:6(556).
Piller, O., and J. van Zyl. 2014. “Modeling control valves in water distribution systems using a continuous state formulation.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 140 (11): 04014052. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000920.
Rossman, L. A. 1999. “Computer models/EPANET.” Chap. 12 in Water distribution systems handbook, edited by L. W. Mays, 12.1–12.23. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Simpson, A. 1999. “Modeling of pressure regulating devices: The last major problem to be solved in hydraulic simulation.” In Proc., 29th Annual Resources Planning and Management Conf. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Todini, E., and S. Pilati. 1988. “A gradient algorithm for the analysis of pipe networks.” In Computer applications in water supply: Vol. 1—Systems analysis and simulation, edited by B. Coulbeck, and C.-H. Orr, 1–20. Letchworth, Hertfordshire, England: Research Studies Press.
Todini, E., and L. A. Rossman. 2013. “Unified framework for deriving simultaneous equation algorithms for water distribution networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 139 (5): 511–526. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000703.
Univ. of Exeter. n.d. “EXNET.” Accessed June 29, 2018. http://emps.exeter.ac.uk/engineering/research/cws/research/distribution/benchmarks/expansion/exnet.html.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 6, 2017
Accepted: Apr 19, 2018
Published online: Jul 20, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Dec 20, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.