Energy Metrics to Evaluate the Energy Use and Performance of Water Main Assets
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 144, Issue 2
Abstract
Managing aging infrastructure has become one of the greatest challenges for water utilities, particularly when faced with selecting the most critical pipes for rehabilitation from among the thousands of candidates. This paper presents a set of novel yet practical energy metrics that quantify energy interactions at the spatial resolution of individual water mains to help utilities identify pipes for rehabilitation. The metrics are demonstrated using a benchmark system and two large, complex systems. The results show that the majority of pipes have good energy performance but that an important minority of outlier pipes have low energy efficiency and high energy losses due to friction and leakage. Pumping and tank operations tend to drive energy efficiency and energy losses in pipes close to water sources, whereas diurnal variation in demand drives energy performance of mains located far away from water sources. The new metrics of energy lost to friction and energy lost to leakage can provide information on energy performance in a pipe that is complementary to the traditional measures of unit head loss and leakage flow.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council for its financial support of this research. Dr. Speight received support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant EP/I029346/1. The authors also thank Mr. Brett Snider from the Department of Civil Engineering, Queen’s University for his helpful comments that contributed to the progress of this research.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 144 • Issue 2 • February 2018
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 29, 2016
Accepted: Jul 5, 2017
Published online: Dec 15, 2017
Published in print: Feb 1, 2018
Discussion open until: May 15, 2018
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