Technical Papers
Jun 21, 2017

Improving the Effectiveness of Collaborative Governance Regimes: Lessons from Watershed Partnerships

Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 143, Issue 9

Abstract

While it has become more commonplace as an environmental management strategy, few empirical studies have evaluated the environmental performance of collaborative governance regimes. Using watershed management as an example, this study tests the effectiveness of a collection of collaboration components included in the Integrative Collaborative Governance Regime framework for achieving environmental improvement goals using the EPA’s watershed-based approach. Coupling survey measures of collaboration dynamics with empirical assessments of environmental performance, this research offers evidence on the importance of specific collaborative elements and provides public managers with guidance to improve performance and achieve goals. Correlation analyses revealed the importance of monetary and technical resources to watershed partnerships’ environmental performance, validating previous literary assumptions. This study also uncovered an incongruence between participants’ acceptance of assigned roles and responsibilities within the watershed partnership and achievement of watershed improvement goals. This suggests that it is not enough to get the right people to the table—they must also be assigned the right roles.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Nonpoint Source Monitoring Program for their participation and assistance in this study. Additionally, I would like to acknowledge several people who assisted me in the development of this paper. I would like to thank Dr. Tomas Koontz for his detailed feedback on an earlier draft of this paper, as well as his continued mentorship. I would also like to thank Dr. Nicole Darnall for her help with the initial research design of this study and her unwavering support throughout the process; Dr. Christopher Prentice for serving as a sounding board to test the validity of my results and his assistance writing up an earlier rendition of the findings; and Dr. Mark Imperial for his suggestions to improve the description of the methodology used in this study. Finally, I wish to thank Stephanie Crowe and Michael Biddle Sr. for their editorial review of this manuscript.

References

Agranoff, R. (2006). “Inside collaborative networks: Ten lessons for public managers.” Public Administration Rev., 66(1), 56–65.
Ansell, C., and Gash, A. (2008). “Collaborative governance in theory and practice.” J. Public Administration Res. Theory, 18(4), 543–571.
Astley, G. W., and Van de Ven, A. H. (1983). “Central perspectives and debates in organization theory.” Administrative Sci. Q., 28(2), 245–273.
Bardach, E. (1998). Getting agencies to work together: The practice and theory of managerial craftsmanship, Brookings Institution, Washington DC.
Biddle, J. C., and Koontz, T. M. (2014). “Goal specificity: A proxy measure for improvements in environmental outcomes in collaborative governance.” J. Environ. Manage., 145(1), 268–276.
Bidwell, R., and Ryan, C. (2006). “Collaborative partnership design: The implications of organizational affiliation for watershed partnerships.” Soc. Nat. Resour., 19(9), 827–843.
Born, S. M., and Genskow, K. D. (2000). Watershed approach—An empirical assessment of innovation in environmental management, National Academy of Public Administration, Washington, DC.
Born, S. M., and Genskow, K. D. (2001). “Toward understanding new watershed initiatives.”, Madison, WI.
Brisbois, M. C., and de Loe, R. C. (2016). “State roles and motivations in collaborative approaches to water governance: A power theory-based analysis.” Geoforum, 74(1), 202–212.
Carpenter, S. L., and Kennedy, W. J. D. (2001). Managing public disputers: A practical guide for professionals in government, business and citizen’s groups, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Emerson, K., Nabatchi, T., and Balogh, S. (2012). “An integrative framework for collaborative governance.” J. Public Administration Res. Theory, 22(1), 1–29.
Emerson, K., Orr, P. J., Keyes, D. L., and Mcknight, K. M. (2009). “Environmental conflict resolution: Evaluating performance outcomes and contributing factors.” Conflict Resolut. Q., 27(1), 27–64.
Ferreyra, C., and Beard, P. (2007). “Participatory evaluation of collaborative and integrated water management: Insights from the field.” J. Environ. Plann. Manage., 50(2), 271–296.
Floress, K. J., Mangun, C., Davenport, M. A., and Williard, K. W. J. (2009). “Constraints to watershed planning: Group structure and process.” J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 45(6),1352–1360.
Genskow, K. D., and Born, S. M. (2006). “Organizational dynamics of watershed partnerships: A key to integrated water resources management.” J. Contemp. Water Res. Educ., 135(1), 56–64.
Gerlak, A. K., and Heikkila, T. (2007). “Collaboration and institutional endurance in U.S. water policy.” Political Sci. Politics, 40(1), 55–60.
Griffin, C. B. (1999). “Watershed councils: An emerging form of public participation in Natural Resource Management.” J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 35(3),505–518.
Hoornbeek, J., Budnik, A., Beechey, T., and Filla, J. (2012). Consolidating health departments in Summit County, Center for Public Administration and Public Policy, Kent State, OH.
Huxham, C. (2003). “Theorizing collaboration practice.” Public Manage. Rev., 5(3), 401–423.
Huxham, C., and Vangen, S. (2000). “Leadership in the shaping and implementation of collaboration agendas: How things happen in a (not quite) joined-up world.” Acad. Manage. J., 43(6), 1159–1175.
Imperial, M. T. (2005). “Using collaboration as a governance strategy: Lessons from six watershed management programs.” Administration Soc., 37(3), 281–320.
Innes, J. E., and Booher, D. E. (1999). “Consensus building and complex adaptive systems: A framework for evaluating collaborative planning.” J. Am. Plann. Assoc., 65(4), 412–423.
Kenney, D. S., McAllister, S. T., Caile, W. H., and Peckham, J. S. (2000). The new watershed, Natural Resources Law Center, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO.
Kettl, D. F. (1996). The state of public management, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
King, K. W., Smiley, Jr., P. C., Baker, B. J., and Fausey, N. R. (2008). “Validation of paired watersheds for assessing conservation practices in the Upper Big Walnut Creek Watershed, Ohio.” J. Soil Water Conserv., 63(6),380–395.
Koehler, B., and Koontz, T. M. (2008). “Citizen participation in collaborative watershed partnerships.” Environ. Manage., 41(2),143–154.
Koontz, T. M., and Bodine, J. (2008). “Implementing ecosystem management in public agencies: Lessons from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service.” Conservation Biology, 22(1), 60–69.
Koontz, T. M., and Newig, J. (2014). “From planning to implementation: Top-down and bottom-up approaches for collaborative watershed management.” Policy Studies J., 42(3),416–442.
Koontz, T. M., Steelman, T. A., Carmin, J., Korfmacher, K. S., Moseley, C., and Thomas, C. W. (2004). Collaborative environmental management: What roles for government?, Resources for the Future Press, Washington, DC.
Koontz, T. M., and Thomas, C. W. (2006). “What do we know and need to know about the environmental outcomes of collaborative management?” Public Administration Rev., 66(6), 109–119.
Layzer, J. A. (2008). Natural experiments: Ecosystem-based management and the environment, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Leach, W. D. (2006). “Collaborative public management and democracy: Evidence from western watershed partnerships.” Public Administration Rev., 66(1), 100–110.
Leach, W. D., and Pelkey, N. W. (2001). “Making watershed partnerships work: A review of the empirical literature.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 127(6), 378–385.
Leach, W. D., Pelkey, N. W., and Sabatier, P. A. (2002). “Stakeholder partnerships as collaborative policymaking: Evaluation criteria applied to watershed management in California and Washington.” J. Policy Anal. Manage., 21(4), 645–670.
Leach, W. D., and Sabatier, P. A. (2005). “Are trust and social capital the keys to success? Watershed partnerships in California and Washington.” Swimming upstream: Collaborative approaches to watershed management, P. A. Sabatier, W. Focht, M. Lubell, Z. Trachtenberg, A. Vedlitz, and M. Matlock, eds., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 233–258.
Lubell, M. (2004). “Collaborative watershed management: A view from the grassroots.” Policy Stud. J., 32(3), 341–361.
Lubell, M., Scheider, M., Scholz, J., and Mete, M. (2002). “Watershed partnerships and the emergence of collaborative policy institutions.” Am. J. Political Sci., 46(1), 48–63.
Mandarano, L. A. (2008). “Evaluating collaborative environmental planning outputs and outcomes. Restoring and protecting habitat and the New York–New Jersey Harbor Estuary Program.” J. Plann. Educ. Res., 27(4), 456–468.
Margerum, R. D. (2008). “A typology of collaboration efforts in environmental management.” Environ. Manage., 41(4), 487–500.
Margerum, R. D. (2011). Beyond consensus: Improving collaboration to solve complex public problems, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
McGuire, M. (2006). “Collaborative public management: Assessing what we know and how we know it.” Public Administrative Rev., 66, 33–43.
Milward, B. H., and Provan, K. G. (2006). A manager’s guide to choosing and using collaborative networks, IBM Center for the Business of Government, Washington, DC.
Mishra, D., and Mishra, A. (2009). “Effective communication, collaboration, and coordination in extreme programming: Human-centric perspectives in a small organization.” Hum. Factors Ergon. Manuf., 19(5), 438–456.
Moore, E. A., and Koontz, T. M. (2003). “A typology of collaborative watershed groups: Citizen-based, agency-based, and mixed partnerships.” Soc. Nat. Resour., 16(5), 451–460.
O’Leary, R., and Bingham, L. B. (2009). The collaborative public manager: New ideas for the twenty first century, Georgetown University Press, Washington, DC.
Ostrom, E. (2000). “Collaborative policy and the evolution of social norms.” J. Econ. Perspect., 14(3), 137–158.
Raymond, L. (2006). “Cooperation without trust: Overcoming collaborative policy barriers to endangered species protection.” Policy Stud. J., 34(1), 37–57.
Sabatier, P. A., Weible, C., and Ficker, J. (2005). “Eras of water management in the United States: Implications for collaborative watershed approaches.” Swimming upstream: Collaborative approaches to watershed management, P. A. Sabatier, W. Focht, M. Lubell, Z. Trachtenberg, A. Vedlitz, and M. Matlock, eds., MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 233–258.
Saddiki, S., and Goel, S. (2015). “Assessing collaborative policymaking outcomes: An analysis of U.S. marine aquaculture partnerships.” Am. Rev. Public Administration, 45(1), 1–8.
Schneider, M., Scholz, J., Lubell, M., Mindruta, D., and Edwardsen, M. (2003). “Building consensual institutions: Networks and the national estuary program.” Am. J. Political Sci., 47(1), 143–158.
Scott, T. (2015). “Does collaboration make any difference? Linking collaborative governance to environmental outcomes.” J. Policy Anal. Manage., 34(3), 537–566.
Spooner, J., Dressing, S. A., and Meals, D. W. (2011). Minimum detectable change analysis, Tetra Tech, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Steelman, T. A., and Carmin, J. (2002). “Community-based watershed remediation: Connecting organizational resources to social and substantive outcomes.” Toxic waste and environmental policy in the 21st century United States, D. Rahm, ed., McFarland, Jefferson, NC, 145–178.
Ulibarri, N. (2015). “Tracing process to performance of collaborative governance: A comparative case study of federal hydropower licensing.” Policy Stud. J., 43(2), 283–308.
USDA and USDOC (U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Commerce). (2000). “Unified federal policy for a watershed approach to federal land and resource management.” Fed. Regist., 65(202), 62566–62572.
Vangen, S., and Huxham, C. (2003). “Enacting leadership for collaborative advantage: Dilemmas of ideology and pragmatism in the activities of partnership managers.” Br. J. Manage., 14(1), 61–76.
Weber, E. (2000). “A new vanguard for the environment: Grass-roots ecosystem management as a new environmental movement.” Soc. Nat. Resour., 13(3), 237–259.
Weber, E. P. (2003). Bringing society back in: Grassroots ecosystem, management, accountability, and sustainable communities, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Wondolleck, J. M., and Yaffee, S. L. (2000). “Making collaboration work: Lessons from a comprehensive assessment of over 200 wide ranging cases of collaboration in environmental management.” Conserv. Pract., 1(1), 17–24.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 143Issue 9September 2017

History

Received: Sep 7, 2016
Accepted: Mar 8, 2017
Published online: Jun 21, 2017
Published in print: Sep 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Nov 21, 2017

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Jennifer C. Biddle, Ph.D. [email protected]
Assistant Professor of Public Administration and Public Policy, College of Arts and Sciences, Univ. of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share