Rehabilitation and Leakage Reduction on C-Town Using Hydraulic Criteria
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 142, Issue 5
Abstract
This paper presents a methodology to rehabilitate and manage leakages on the C-Town water distribution system. A hydraulic model with emitters was considered to represent pipe leakages as concentrated flows in the nodes. The proposed methodology introduces two hydraulic concepts: the unit headloss to rehabilitate the network and the flow-pressure criterion to determine the location of valves; in addition, it uses genetic algorithms for pump optimization processes. This approach aimed to apply a pressure management scheme consisting in the allocation of valves to reduce both energy and leakage costs. The final result shows that all the requirements of the problem were satisfied with little computational effort, as expected, using hydraulic-based processes and criteria, compared to a formal heuristic approach. The introduced concepts allowed constructive and operational cost minimization. In relation to the leakage reduction, the use of emitters did not represent well pipe losses in the sense that pressure reduction strategies were not effective for this particular problem, limiting the leakage cost reduction. However, those strategies have shown good performance in other network analyses.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Creaco, E., Alvisi, S., and Franchini, M. (2014). “A multi-step approach for optimal design and management of the C-Town pipe network model.” Proc., 16th Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conf. 2014, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Creaco, E., and Pezzinga, G. (2015). “Multiobjective optimization of pipe replacements and control valve installations for leakage attenuation in water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 04014059.
Featherstone, R., and El-Jumaily, K. (1983). “Optimal diameter selection for pipe networks.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 221–234.
Fu, G., Kapelan, Z., Kasprzyk, J., and Reed, P. (2013). “Optimal design of water distribution systems using many-objective visual analytics.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 624–633.
Geem, Z. (2009). “Particle-swarm harmony search for water network design.” Eng. Optim., 41(4), 297–311.
Giacomello, C., Kapelan, Z., and Nicolini, M. (2013). “Fast hybrid optimization method for effective pump scheduling.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 175–183.
Giustolisi, O., Berardi, L., Laucelli, D., Savic, D., and Kapelan, Z. (2015). “Operational and tactical management of water and energy resources in pressurized systems: Competition at WDSA 2014.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., C4015002.
Giustolisi, O., Berardi, L., Laucelli, D., Savic, D., Walski, T., and Brunone, B. (2014). “Battle of background leakages assessment for water networks (BBLAWN) at WDSA conference 2014.” Proc., 16th Conf. of Water Distribution System Analysis 2014, ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–9.
Goldberg, D. (1989). Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
Marchi, A., et al. (2014). “Battle of the water networks II.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 04014009.
Marques, J., Cunha, M., and Savić, D. (2015). “Using real options in the optimal design of water distribution networks.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 04014052.
Matos, J., Monteiro, A., Matias, N., and Schleiss, A. (2014). “Guided evolutionary approached for redesigning water distribution networks.” Proc., 16th Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conf. 2014, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Odan, F., Ribeiro Reis, L., and Kapelan, Z. (2015). “Real-time multiobjective optimization of operation of water supply systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 04015011.
Rahmani, F., and Behzadian, K. (2014). “Sequential multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for a real-world water distribution system design.” Proc., 16th Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conf. 2014, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Reca, J., Martinez, J., Gil, C., and Baños, R. (2007). “Application of several meta-heuristic techniques to the optimization of real looped water distribution networks.” Water Resour. Manage., 22(10), 1367–1379.
Roshani, E., and Filion, Y. (2014). “WDS leakage management through pressure control and pipes rehabilitation using an optimization approach.” Proc., 16th Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conf. 2014, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Rossman, L. A. (2000). EPANET 2 user’s manual, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati.
Saldarriaga, J, Paez, D., Cuero, P., and Leon, N. (2012a). “Optimal power use surface for design of water distribution systems.” Proc., 14th Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conf. 2012, ASCE, Reston, VA, 468–480.
Saldarriaga, J., et al. (2014). “An energy based methodology applied to C-Town.” Proc., 16th Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conf. 2014, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Saldarriaga, J., Bernal, A., and Ochoa, S. (2008a). “Optimized design of water distribution network enlargements using resilience and dissipated power concepts.” Proc., Water Distribution System Analysis 2008, ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–15.
Saldarriaga, J., Contreras, F., and Sisa, A. (2003). “Methodology for the determination of optimal water head pressure in water distribution network.” Proc., World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003, ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–10.
Saldarriaga, J., and Jurado, C. (2007). “Water distribution networks calibration under leaks environment: Study cases.” Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007, ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–24.
Saldarriaga, J., Moreno, M., Romero, N., and Cortes, O. (2008b). “Prioritized rehabilitation of water distribution networks using dissipated power concept to reduce non-revenue water.” Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008, ASCE, Reston, VA, 1–11.
Saldarriaga, J., Paez, D., Hernandez, D., and Bohorquez, J. (2012b). “An energy based methodology applied to D-Town.” Proc., 14th Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conf. 2012, ASCE, Reston, VA, 336–349.
Takahashi, S., Saldarriaga, S., Hernández, F., Díaz, D., and Ochoa, S. (2010). “An energy methodology for the design of water distribution systems.” Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010, ASCE, Reston, VA, 4303–4313.
Thornton, J. (2002). Water loss control manual, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Wang, Q., Guidolin, M., Savic, D., and Kapelan, Z. (2015). “Two-objective design of benchmark problems of a water distribution system via MOEAs: Towards the best-known approximation of the true Pareto front.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 04014060.
Wu, I. (1975). “Design of drip irrigation main lines.” J. Irrig. Drain. Div., 101(IR 4), 265–278.
Zecchin, A., et al. (2006). “Application of two ant colony optimisation algorithms to water distribution system optimization.” Math. Comput. Modell., 44(5–6), 451–468.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 142 • Issue 5 • May 2016
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 29, 2015
Accepted: Aug 10, 2015
Published online: Oct 28, 2015
Discussion open until: Mar 28, 2016
Published in print: May 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.