Simulating Nonresidential Water Demand with a Stochastic End-Use Model
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 137, Issue 6
Abstract
The end-use model SIMDEUM for residential water demand has been extended to incorporate nonresidential water demand. The model was developed to predict water-demand patterns with a small timescale (1 s) and small spatial scale (at the water meter connection). The end-use model is based on statistical information about users and end uses: data on occupancy; the frequency of use; duration and flow per water-use event; and the occurrence over the day of different end uses, such as flushing the toilet, doing the laundry, and washing hands. The model follows a modular approach, in that each type of building is composed of functional rooms, such as lodgings, restaurants, and conference rooms. A functional room is characterized by its typical users and water-using appliances. With this approach, nonresidential buildings’ water-demand patterns over the day can be simulated. The simulation results for an office building, a hotel, and a nursing home were compared to measured water-demand patterns with regard to attributes such as peak flow and daily total water use, as well as the shape of the pattern. The simulation results show a good correspondence to measured water demands. The end-use model is based on independent statistical information and not on flow measurements. The input parameters are available before any information on annual or daily water use is available; the parameters are not fitted on flow measurements. Therefore, the model is transferable to a diverse range of nonresidential water-demand types. The model can be applied in the design stage (prebuild), in scenario studies, and in distribution network models.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Baggelaar, P. K., and Geudens, P. J. J. G. (2008). “Prognoses landelijke drinkwatervraag tot 2025.” 2008/85/6222, Vewin, Rijswijk, Netherlands.
Blokker, E. J. M. (2010). “Stochastic water demand modelling for a better understanding of hydraulics in water distribution networks.” Ph.D. thesis, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Blokker, E. J. M., Beverloo, H., Vogelaar, A. J., Vreeburg, J. H. G., and van Dijk, J. C. (2011) “A bottom-up approach of stochastic demand allocation in a hydraulic network model: A sensitivity study of model parameters.” J. Hydroinf., 13(4), 714–728.
Blokker, E. J. M., Buchberger, S. G., Vreeburg, J. H. G., and van Dijk, J. C. (2008a). “Comparison of water demand models: PRP and SIMDEUM applied to Milford, Ohio, data.” Proc., Water Distribution Systems Analysis 2008, J. E. van Zyl, A. A. Ilemobade, and H. E. Jacobs, eds., ASCE, Reston, VA, 182–195.
Blokker, E. J. M., Buchberger, S. G., Vreeburg, J. H. G., and van Dijk, J. C. (2008b). “Importance of demand modelling in network water quality models: A review.” Drinking Water Eng. Sci. 1(1), 27–38.
Blokker, E. J. M., Vreeburg, J. H. G., Beverloo, H., Klein Arfman, M., and van Dijk, J. C. (2010a). “A bottom-up approach of stochastic demand allocation in water quality modelling.” Drinking Water Eng. Sci., 3(1), 43–51.
Blokker, E. J. M., Vreeburg, J. H. G., Schaap, P. G., and van Dijk, J. C. (2010b). “The self-cleaning velocity in practice.” Proc., Water Distribution Systems Analysis 2010, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Blokker, E. J. M., Vreeburg, J. H. G., and van Dijk, J. C. (2010c). “Simulating residential water demand with a stochastic end-use model.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 136(1), 19–26.
Bosch, N., Deelen, A., and Euwals, R. (2010). “Is part-time employment here to stay? Working hours of Dutch women over successive generations.” Labour, 24(1), 35–54.
Buchberger, S. G., Carter, J. T., Lee, Y. H., and Schade, T. G. (2003). “Random demands, travel times, and water quality in dead ends.” AWWARF Rep. 90963F, American Water Works Association Research Foundation (AWWARF), Denver.
Geudens, P. J. J. G. (2008). “Water supply statistics 2007.” 2008/83/6259, Vewin, Rijswijk, Netherlands.
Pieterse-Quirijns, E. J., Blokker, E. J. M., Van der Blom, E., and Vreeburg, J. H. G. (2010). “Modelling characteristic values for non-residential water use.” Proc., Water Distribution Systems Analysis 2010, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Pieterse-Quirijns, E. J., Blokker, E. J. M., and Vogelaar, A. J. (2009). “Modelleren van niet-huishoudelijk waterverbruik; waterverbruik van kantoren, hotels, zorginstellingen en veehouderij.” BTO 2009.013, KWR Watercycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, Netherlands.
Vreeburg, J. (2010). Discolouration in drinking water systems; the role of particles clarified, IWA Publishing, London.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 27, 2010
Accepted: Jan 19, 2011
Published online: Jan 20, 2011
Published in print: Nov 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.