Calibration and Optimization of the Pumping and Disinfection of a Real Water Supply System
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 136, Issue 4
Abstract
Maintaining a disinfectant residual in water distribution systems (WDSs) is generally considered paramount to ensuring a safe drinking water supply. This objective can be assisted by the use of booster stations to increase disinfectant concentrations throughout the network. However, identifying the appropriate dose at each station is an optimization problem. The aim is to minimize the total mass of disinfectant dosed and reduce the cost of disinfection along with potential taste, odor, or by-product problems, while maintaining a certain minimum residual in the network. The residual present in the water at any location is not only dependent on the amount of disinfectant added to the water, but also the hydraulics of the system and the resulting detention times. A number of previous studies have tackled this optimization problem, however, a review of current literature suggests that in many cases the hydraulics of the system have been held constant, or the WDSs considered were hypothetical systems with relatively few constraints. This study considers the booster disinfection dosing problem, including daily pump scheduling, for a real system in Sydney, Australia. Before the system can be optimized, a representative model is required to ensure useful results, and the many constraints on the daily operation system must be accounted for in the fitness function considered. The results from the optimization study indicate it is necessary to consider the hydraulics as well as the dosing regime in the optimization process, as cycling reservoir levels minimizes detention times, and hence, disinfectant residuals are maintained at the extremities of the network. Also, significant energy cost savings of up to 30% can be made by scheduling the pumping in the system in line with the off-peak electricity costs.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part by an Australian Postgraduate Award from the Australian Commonwealth Department of Education, Science and Training, and in part by the Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment, Project 2.5.0.3. The writers would like to Sydney Water Cooperation for their assistance and support in undertaking this work. The authors would also like to thank the reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which improved the quality of this paper.
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© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: May 17, 2009
Accepted: Nov 1, 2009
Published online: Nov 11, 2009
Published in print: Jul 2010
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