Predicting Aircraft Stopping Distances within an EMAS
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 12
Abstract
An overrun is an accident/incident in which an aircraft is unable to stop within the design runway length. To minimize the adverse consequences of an overrun, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires airports to have a runway end safety-area 305 m (1,000-ft) long beyond the runway design length. However, many U.S. airports are unable to satisfy this requirement without limiting the aircraft mix using the airport. In response, the FAA permits installing an engineered materials arrestor system (EMAS) as an alternative solution. Four aircraft types are investigated in this paper for stopping-distance behavior within an EMAS, as follows: (1) B737-900ER, (2) B757-300, (3) B767-400ER, and (4) B747-400ER. Stopping distances are evaluated using a base arrestor bed configuration and base arrestor material. Aircraft strut behavior, aircraft pitch moment of inertia, and bogie weights are proprietary to aircraft manufacturing companies; therefore, approximate values for load-stroke behavior, damping, pitch moment of inertia, and bogie weights are developed in this paper. Besides the base arrestor material, a suite of five low-density concrete mixes with varying stress-strain behavior are investigated for their impact on aircraft stopping-distance. In addition, aircraft stopping-distance as a function of arrestor bed configuration is investigated.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writer is appreciative of the financial support provided by the Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center and the Strong Company. The contents of this paper reflect the views and opinions of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Mack-Blackwell Transportation Research Center or the Strong Company.
References
Arrestor [Computer software]. Washington, DC, Federal Aviation Administration.
Boeing. (1968). “707 airplane characteristics for airport planning.” 〈http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan_manuals.html〉 (May 26, 2006).
Boeing. (1984a). “DC-9 airplane characteristics for airport planning.” 〈http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan_manuals.html〉 (Oct. 23, 2008).
Boeing. (1984b). “747 airplane characteristics for airport planning.” 〈http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan_manuals.html〉 (May 26, 2006).
Boeing. (1985). “727 airplane characteristics for airport planning.” 〈http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan_manuals.html〉 (May 26, 2006).
Boeing. (2002a). “747-400 airplane characteristics for airport planning.” 〈http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan_manuals.html〉 (May 26, 2006).
Boeing. (2002b). “757-200/300 airplane characteristics for airport planning.” 〈http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan_manuals.html〉 (Sep. 15, 2008).
Boeing. (2004). “DC/MD-10 airplane characteristics for airport planning.” 〈http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan_manuals.html〉 (Oct. 23, 2008).
Boeing. (2005a). “737 airplane characteristics for airport planning.” 〈http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan_manuals.html〉 (Sep. 15, 2008).
Boeing. (2005b). “767 airplane characteristics for airport planning.” 〈http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/plan_manuals.html〉 (Sep. 15, 2008).
Boeing. (2011). Statistical summary of commercial jet airplane accidents–Worldwide operations 1999–2010, Seattle.
Cook, R. F., Teubert, C. A., and Hayhoe, G. (1995). “Soft ground arrestor design program.”, FAA Technical Center, Atlantic City, NJ.
Curry, N. S. (1988). Aircraft landing gear design: Principles and practices, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, DC.
David, R. E. (1990). Location of commercial aircraft accidents/incidents relative to runways, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, DC.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2004). Financial feasibility and equivalency of runway safety area improvements and engineered material arresting systems, Washington, DC.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2005). “Engineered materials arresting system (EMAS) for aircraft overrun.”, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Washington, DC.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). (2011). Fact sheet, engineered material arresting system (EMAS), Washington, DC.
Gerardi, A. G. (1977). “Collection of commercial aircraft characteristics for study of runway roughness.”, U.S. Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL.
Hall, J., Ayres, M., and Wong, D. (2008). “Analysis of aircraft overruns and undershoots for runway safety areas.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Heymsfield, E., Hale, W. M., and Halsey, T. L. (2012). “Aircraft response in an arifield arrestor system during an overrun.” J. Transp. Eng., 284–292.
Kirkland, I. D., and Caves, R. E. (2002). “New aircraft overrun database, 1980–1998.”, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 93–100.
Marisetty, S. C., Bailey, E. D., Hale, W. M., and Heymsfield, E. (2008). “Development of a soft ground arrestor system.”, Mack-Blackwell Transportation Center, Fayetteville, AR.
Phillips, N. S., and Cook, R. F. (1983). “Aircraft operation on soil surfaces, computer routine revisions and improvements, volume 1.”, U.S. Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 139 • Issue 12 • December 2013
Pages: 1184 - 1193
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 19, 2012
Accepted: Jul 8, 2013
Published online: Jul 10, 2013
Published in print: Dec 1, 2013
Discussion open until: Dec 10, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.