Longitudinal Road Profile Spectrum Approximation by Split Straight Lines
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 138, Issue 2
Abstract
The presented study compares three alternative straight-line approximations of the longitudinal road-profile power spectral density (PSD). The one straight line and two and three split straight-line approximations were analyzed. The minimizing of the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) was used as criteria of goodness of fit for the approximation models. The statistics of the PSD approximation model parameters, i.e., unevenness index, waviness, break angular spatial frequency, and the standard error of the regression for 145 test sections from the long-term pavement performance program (SPS-6) were calculated. The approximations were compared with connected versus unconnected lines. The approximation with two connected lines seems to be a reasonable substitution of a raw spectrum. A mean improvement of approximately 35% compared to the one straight-line approximation was identified.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This work has been undertaken within Grant No. UNSPECIFIED2/0075/10 of the VEGA Grant Agency of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Further, the author highly appreciates the voluminous work conducted by the LTPP team and additional information provided by the LTPP Customer Service Department.
References
Ahlin, K., and Granlund, J. (2002). “Relating road roughness and vehicle speeds to human whole body vibration and exposure limits.” Int. J. Pavement Eng., 3(4), 207–216.
Ambroz, J. K., and Darter, M. I. (2005). “Rehabilitation of jointed portland cement concrete pavements: SPS-6-Initial evaluation and analysis.” Rep. No. FHWA-RD-01-169, Federal Highway Administration, Washington DC.
Andrén, P. (2006). “Power spectral density approximations of longitudinal road profiles.” Int. J. Veh. Des., 40(1/2/3), 2–14.
Association de Francaise de Normalisation (AFNOR). (1995). “Tests relating to pavements—evenness tests. Part 3—determination of longitudinal evenness indices calculated from profilometer data.” NF P 98-218-3:1995, Paris.
Bogsjö, K., Podgórski, K., and Rychlik, I. (2011). “Models for road surface roughness.” Veh. Syst. Dyn., (Nov. 30, 2011).
Braun, H., et al. (1991). “Collection and evaluation of road roughness data. Studies and comparison of different instruments and evaluation for suitability for routine detection and evaluation of the evenness condition.” Forschung Strassenbau und Strassenverkehrstechnik, Issue No. 598, Federal Ministry of Transport, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Germany (in German).
British Standard Institution (BSI). (1972). “MEE/158/3/1. Proposals for generalised road inputs to vehicles.” BSI 72/34562, London.
Chemistruck, H. M., Detweiler, Z. R., Ferris, J. B., Reid, A. A., and Gorsich, D. J. (2009). “Review of current developments in terrain characterization and modeling.” Proc., SPIE, International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, Washington.
Davis, B. R., and Thompson, A. G. (2001). “Power spectral density of road profiles.” Veh. Syst. Dyn., 35(6), 409–415.
Decký, M., and Valuch, M. (2000). “Road longitudinal unevenness as stationary ergodic process.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. Durable and Safe Road Pavements, Road and Bridge Research Institute, Warszawa, Poland, 121–127.
Dodds, C. J., and Robson, J. D. (1973). “The description of road surface roughness.” J. Sound Vib., 31(2), 175–183.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2006). “Road and airfield surface characteristics—Test methods. Part 5: Determination of longitudinal unevenness indices.” EN 13036-5:2006, Brussels, Belgium.
ISO. (1995). “Mechanical vibration—road surface profiles—reporting of measured data.” ISO8608:1995, Geneva.
Kropáč, O. (2001). “Characteristics of longitudinal road unevenness: Definitions, estimation and use.” Strojnícky čas., 52(6), 325–359.
Kropáč, O., and Múčka, P. (2008). “Indicators of longitudinal unevenness of roads in the USA.” Int. J. Veh. Des., 46(4), 393–415.
Kropáč, O., and Múčka, P. (2009a). “Alternative single-number indicator of longitudinal road unevenness.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 36(3), 389–401.
Kropáč, O., and Múčka, P. (2009b). “Classification scheme for random longitudinal road unevenness considering road waviness and vehicle response.” Shock Vib., 16(3), 273–289.
Kropáč, O., and Múčka, P. (2009c). “Effects of longitudinal road waviness on vehicle vibration response.” Veh. Syst. Dyn., 47(2), 135–153.
Liebig, S., Quarz, V., Kiss, C., and Zobory, I. (2002). “The generation of track irregularities using periodic functions.” Proc., 8th Mini Conf. on Vehicle System Dynamics, Identification and Anomalies (VSDIA), Univ. of Technologies and Economics, Budapest, Hungary, 137–142.
Múčka, P., and Kropáč, O. (2009a). “Properties of random component of longitudinal road profile influenced by local obstacles.” Int. J. Veh. Syst. Modell. Test., 4(4), 256–276.
Múčka, P., and Kropáč, O. (2009b). “Sensitivity of road unevenness indicators to road waviness.” J. Test. Eval., 37(2), 139–149.
Permanent International Association of Road Congresses—World Road Association (PIARC-WRA). (2002). “International experiment to harmonize longitudinal and transverse profile measurement and reporting procedures.” Technical Rep., PIARC Technical Committee on Surface Characteristics (C1), La Defense Cedex, France.
Praticò, F. (2004). “Nonstrictly-ergodic signals in road roughness analyses: A theoretical and experimental study.” Proc., 2nd Int. Congress Societa Italiana Infrastrutture Viarie: New Technologies and Modeling Tools for Roads—Application to Design and Management, Univ. of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Road-Profile Generation Tool. (2009). 〈http://ti.mb.fh-osnabrueck.de/adamshelp/mergedProjects/car_ride/tools/road-profile_generation_tool/2road_rough_intro.html〉 (Nov. 10, 2009).
Rouillard, V., Sek, M. A., and Bruscella, B. (2001). “Simulation of road surface profiles.” J. Transp. Eng., 127(3), 247–253.
Sayers, M. W., and Karamihas, S. M. (1998). The little book of profiling, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Schielen, W. (2006). “White noise excitation of road vehicle structures.” Sadhana—Academy Proc. Eng. Sci., 31(4), 487–503.
Steinwolf, A. (2006). “Random vibration testing beyond PSD limitations.” Sound Vib., 40(9), 12–21.
Sun, L. (2003). “Simulating pavement surface roughness and IRI based on power spectral density.” Math. Comput. Simul., 61(2), 77–89.
Szöke, D., and Kuti, I. (2004). “A new development in the numerical description of road profile realizations.” Int. J. Veh. Des., 34(2), 183–190.
Ueckermann, A., and Steinauer, B. (2008). “The weighted longitudinal profile. A new method to evaluate the longitudinal evenness of roads.” Road Mater. Pavement Des., 9(2), 135–157.
Willet, M., Magnusson, G., and Ferne, B. W. (2000). “FILTER experiment—Theoretical study of indices.” FEHRL Tech. Note 2000/02, Transport Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, Bershire, UK.
Yonglin, Z., and Jiafan, Z. (2006). “Numerical simulation of stochastic road process using white noise filtration.” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., 20(2), 363–372.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 18, 2011
Accepted: Jun 10, 2011
Published online: Jun 14, 2011
Published in print: Feb 1, 2012
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.