Abstract
The accurate determination of deflections of the vertical is a complex scientific task that can be time-consuming and expensive. On occasion, good approximations are required for surveying and engineering applications. Although deflections of the vertical derived from geoid models are available online in certain regions, the exact computation procedure is not detailed and they generally are given without accompanying uncertainties. This work provides a simple, straightforward way, using least squares, to determine deflections of the vertical at geoid heights and their corresponding stochastic quantities, all based on undulations of the EGM2008 geoid model selected around the computation point. Three case studies were discussed, and an ancillary sample program is attached for completeness.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that undoubtedly helped to enhance the comprehension of our original manuscript.
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Published In
Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 4 • November 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 6, 2021
Accepted: Jun 19, 2021
Published online: Aug 31, 2021
Published in print: Nov 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jan 31, 2022
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Cited by
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