Method of Optimal Fitting of Existing Lower-Class Leveling Control Networks to Modernized National Higher-Class Networks
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 2
Abstract
The proposed method of optimal fitting of the existing lower-class leveling control networks to the modernized national higher-class networks is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the network is fitted to the maximum possible congruent reference points using robust least-squares adjustment methods. At this stage, the outlier reference points are detected. The reason why outliers appear is usually the vertical displacement of the reference points in the long time period between measurement of the existing network and the modernization of the reference network. In the second stage, the network is fitted to the detected outlier reference points by remeasuring the height differences around these points. A sequential optimal method of design and an online adjustment of the remeasured height differences is proposed. In this way, the potential displaced points of the existing network located around the outlying reference point are also detected and updated. Finally, the network is adjusted and fitted to all reference points of the modernized national control network.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Beaton, A. E., and J. W. Tukey. 1974. “The fitting of power series, meaning polynomials, illustrated on band-spectroscopic data.” Technometrics 16 (2): 147–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1974.10489171.
Berné, J. L., and S. Baselga. 2005. “Robust estimation in geodetic networks.” Fis. Tierra 17: 7–22.
Doskocz, A. 2016. “The current state of the creation and modernization of national geodetic and cartographic resources in Poland.” Open Geosci. 8 (1): 579–592. https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2016-0059.
Erenoglu, R. C., and S. Hekimoglu. 2007. “An investigation into robust estimation applied to correlated GPS networks.” In Observing our changing earth, edited by M. G. Sideris, 639–644. Berlin: Springer.
Ghilani, C. D., and P. R. Wolf. 2012. Elementary surveying: An introduction to geomatics. 13th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Pearson Education.
Hampel, F. R., E. M. Ronchetti, P. J. Rousseeuw, and W. A. Stahel. 1986. Robust statistics: The approach based on influence functions. New York: Wiley.
Huber, P. J. 1981. Robust statistics. New York: Wiley.
Kraus, K. 2000. Photogrammetrie: Topographische informationssysteme. Vol. 3. Köln, Germany: Dümmlers Verlag.
NAMRIA (National Mapping and Resource Information Authority). 2016. Modernization of the Philippine geodetic reference system: Strategic plan 2016–2016. Taguig City, Philippines: National Mapping and Resource Information Authority.
Ogundrae, J. O. 2016. Precision surveying: The principles and geomatics practice. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Osada, E. 2001. Geodezja [Geodesy]. [In Polish.] Wrocław, Poland: Wrocław Univ. of Science and Technology.
Osada, E., A. Borkowski, G. Kurpiński, M. Oleksy, and M. Seta. 2017. “Fitting a precise levelling network to control points using a modified robust Huber's mean error function.” J. Surv. Eng. 143 (1): 06016003. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000201.
Osada, E., A. Borkowski, K. Sośnica, G. Kurpiński, M. Oleksy, and M. Seta. 2018. “Robust fitting of a precise planar network to unstable control points using M-estimation with a modified Huber function.” J. Spat. Sci. 63 (1): 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14498596.2017.1311238.
Stopar, B. et al. 2015. “Recent activities towards a modern geodetic reference system in Slovenia.” In Proc., 43rd Slovenian Surveying Day, Sežana, Slovenia, 37–56.
Varga, M., O. Bjelotomić, and T. Basić. 2016. “Initial considerations on modernization of the Croatian height reference system.” In Proc., Int. Symp. on Engineering Geodesy (SIG 2016), Varaždin, Croatia, 225–232.
Yang, Y., M. K. Cheng, C. K. Shum, and B. D. Tapley. 1999. “Robust estimation of systematic errors of satellite laser range.” J. Geod. 73 (7): 345–349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001900050252.
Yang, Y., L. Song, and T. Xu. 2002. “Robust estimator for correlated observations based on difactor equivalent weights.” J. Geod. 76 (6–7): 353–358.
Yang, Y., T. Xu, and J. Xu. 2015. “Principles and comparisons of various adaptively robust filters with applications in geodetic positioning.” In Proc., 1st Int. Workshop on the Quality of Geodetic Observation and Monitoring Systems (QuGOMS), edited by H. Kutterer et al. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 101–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10828-5_15.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 145 • Issue 2 • May 2019
Copyright
© 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 22, 2018
Accepted: Sep 10, 2018
Published online: Mar 12, 2019
Published in print: May 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Aug 12, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.