Modern Determination of Vertical Deflections Using Digital Zenith Cameras
Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 136, Issue 1
Abstract
At the beginning of the 21st century, a significant technological change took place in geodetic astronomy. In Zurich and Hannover, digital zenith camera systems were developed based on digital imaging sensors (charge-coupled device) that strongly improved the degree of automation, efficiency, and accuracy of the observation of the direction of the plumb line and its vertical deflection. This paper describes the instrumental design of the new digital zenith camera systems and gives an overview of the data processing with focus on the models used for astrometric data reduction and tilt correction. Results of frequently repeated observations of vertical deflections and comparison measurements show an accuracy of vertical deflection measurements of better than 0.1 arc sec. Application examples for vertical deflection data from zenith camera observations, such as the high-precision local gravity field determination in engineering projects and gravity field validation are summarized.
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Acknowledgments
The development and application of the Hannover DZCS TZK2-D is supported by German National Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) through research projects Se 313/21 (2001–2004) and Se 313/22 (2004–2006). The development and application of the Swiss system DIADEM was supported by ETH Zurich. The authors thank the two anonymous reviewers and the Editor for their valuable comments on the manuscript.UNSPECIFIED
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Published In
Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 136 • Issue 1 • February 2010
Pages: 1 - 12
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© 2010 ASCE.
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Received: Nov 6, 2008
Accepted: Apr 17, 2009
Published online: Jan 15, 2010
Published in print: Feb 2010
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