Lateral Performance of Glulam Timber Frames with CFRP Confined Timber-Steel Buckling-Restrained Bracings
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 3
Abstract
Heavy glulam timber framed structures are facing a growing inadequacy in resisting lateral actions from earthquakes and winds due to the increasing building heights. This paper presents the experimental and numerical analysis results on the hysteretic behavior of newly developed carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) confined timber-steel buckling-restrained bracings and the lateral performance of bolted glulam timber frames with such bracings. Ten timber-steel bracings and four frames with different bracing provisions were tested via reversed cyclic lateral loading. A finite-element method based model was developed, verified, and used for parametric studies. The bracing test results indicated that the design requirements for ordinary buckling restrained bracings on the confinement ratio and the transverse bulging force are adequate for the proposed timber-steel bracings. A confinement ratio no less than 4.6 is suggested. Compared to an otherwise similar bare frame, two frames with the proposed bracings were found to be 132% and 176% higher in the peak loads, more than 10 times higher in the elastic stiffness, 40% and 43% higher in ductility ratio, and on average 106% higher in the equivalent viscous damping ratio. The two frames also exhibited higher stiffness and energy dissipation than a frame braced by timber bracings, which are prone to buckling failure. Parametric studies indicated that the secant stiffness and the damping ratio of the frames at small drift can be substantially affected by the bolt slippage of the bracing-frame connections. The increased lateral stiffness ratio will lead to increase in the peak load and stiffness, but the equivalent viscous damping ratio remains nearly constant for lateral stiffness ratios larger than 2.5. The frame stiffness and peak load increase with increased rotational stiffness of the beam-column connections while the equivalent viscous damping ratio decreases.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
This research work has been financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51878477).
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Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 3 • March 2022
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© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 25, 2020
Accepted: Oct 18, 2021
Published online: Dec 24, 2021
Published in print: Mar 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 24, 2022
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- Mingqian Wang, Xi Chen, Qingfeng Xu, Kent A. Harries, Yubing Leng, Lingzhu Chen, Numerical Simulation and Variability Analysis of Mechanical Behavior of Braced Glulam Frames, Journal of Structural Engineering, 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0003466, 148, 10, (2022).
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