Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Shallow Floor Composite Beams under Extreme Deformation
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 2
Abstract
Ductility and robustness are two of the most important structural properties for the design of a building against extreme load cases, such as earthquakes and column loss scenarios. Various guidelines are based on the premise that an adequate amount of ductility is available and that structural robustness is attained. In this article, the outline of an experimental and analytical investigation related to the flexural behavior of a specific type of shallow (slim) floor beam, commonly known as Deltabeam, is presented. In order to determine the ductility and the robustness of the system, six full-scale composite beams with different geometry details were investigated under a three-point loading setup, up to large deflections. Tests showed that the ability of the concrete section, enclosing the steel beam, to withstand large strains without strength reduction strongly affected the ductility and robustness of the tested beams, which were thus far defined only by the class of their compressed steel components. The proper detailing of the reinforcement and the lateral protection provided by the stirrups were proven to be particularly important for the behavior of this type of beams when subjected to large deformations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are proprietary or confidential in nature and may only be provided with restrictions. The research is funded by a private company developing its own solutions, and thus some information is not possible to be published.
References
ABAQUS. 2018. Abaqus analysis user’s manual, Version 2018. Vélizy-Villacoublay, France: Dassault Systemes.
Birat, J. 2004. “The relevance of Sir Henry Bessemer’s ideas to the steel industry in the twenty-first century.” Ironmaking Steelmaking 31 (3): 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1179/030192304225018145.
Borgogno W. 1997. Tragverhalten von Slim Floor Decken mit Betonhohlplatten bei Raumtemperatur und Brandeinwirkungen. Zurich, Switzerland: IBK Bericht, Institute of Structural Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004a. Design of composite steel and concrete structures—Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Eurocode 4, EN 1994-1-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004b. Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. Eurocode 2, EN 1992-1-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004c. Hot rolled products of structural steels—Part 1: General technical delivery conditions. EN 10025-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2012. Testing hardened concrete—Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens. EN 12390-3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chen, S., T. Limazie, and J. Tan. 2015. “Flexural behavior of shallow cellular composite floor beams with innovative shear connection.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 106 (2015): 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.12.021.
Deltabeam. 2021. Composite beams—Slim floor structure with integrated fireproofing—Technical manual. Lahti, FL: Peikko Group.
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung). 2009. Reinforcing steels—Part 1: Grades, properties, marking. DIN 488. Berlin: DIN.
Grassl, P., D. Xenos, U. Nyström, R. Rempling, and K. Gylltoft. 2013. “CDPM2: A damage-plasticity approach to modelling the failure of concrete.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 50 (24): 3805–3816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2013.07.008.
Hechler, O., M. Braun, R. Obiala, U. Kuhlmann, F. Eggert, and G. Hauf. 2013. “CoSFB- composite slim-floor beam: Experimental test campaign and evaluation.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete 2013. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Hillerborg, A., M. Modéer, and P. Peterson. 1976. “Analysis of crack formation and crack growth in concrete by means of fracture energy mechanics and finite elements.” Cem. Concr. Res. 6 (6): 773–781. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(76)90007-7.
ISO. 2008. Welding—Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding. ISO 13918. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO.
Kmiecik, P., and M. Kamiński. 2011. “Modelling of reinforced concrete structures and composite structures with concrete strength degradation taken into consideration.” Archiv. Civ. Mech. Eng. 11 (3): 623–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1644-9665(12)60105-8.
Kwak, M. K., B. W. Heo, K. W. Bae, K. H. Kim, and T. S. Moon. 2004. “Flexural capacity of the encased (slim floor) composite beam with deep deck plate.” In Proc., CTBUH 2004 Seoul Conference: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Chicago: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.
Kyriakopoulos, P., S. Peltonen, I. Vayas, C. Spyrakos, and M. Leskela. 2021. “Experimental and numerical investigation of the flexural behaviour of shallow floor composite beams.” J. Eng. Struct. 231: 111734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111734.
Leskela, M. V. 2008. “Shear connection by transverse rebars—Shallow floor composite beams.” In Vol. A of Proc., Eurosteel 2008, 273–278. Brussels, Belgium: European Convention for Constructional Steelwork.
Leskela, M. V., S. Peltonen, A. Iliopoulos, and P. Kiriakopoulos. 2014. “Numerical and experimental investigations on the vertical shear resistance of boxed steel cross-sections with concrete infill (Deltabeams).” In Proc., Eurosteel 2014 Conf. Papers. Brussels, Belgium: European Convention for Constructional Steelwork.
Leskela, M. V., S. Peltonen, and R. Obiala. 2015. “Composite action in shallow floor beams with different shear connections.” Steel Constr. 8 (2): 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/stco.201510014.
Ma, Z. 2000. Fire safety design of composite slim floor structures. Espoo, Finland: Helsinki University of Technology Laboratory of Steel Structures Publications.
Pearson, K. 1920. “Notes on the history of correlation.” Biometrika 13 (1): 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/13.1.25.
Peltonen, S., and M. Leskela. 2006. “Connection behaviour of a concrete dowel in a circular web hole of a steel beam.” In Composite construction in steel and concrete, 544–552. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Rinker, M., S. Pilli, N. Karri, J. Deibler, K. Johnson, J. Holbery, O. Mullen, and D. Hurley. 2009. “Structural integrity of single shell tanks at Hanford—9491.” In Proc., WM2009 Conf. Washington, DC: USDOE Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management.
Sheehan, T., X. Dai, J. Yang, K. Zhou, and D. Lam. 2018. “Flexural behavior of composite slim floor beams.” In Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures (ASCCS 2018). València, Spain: Universitat Politècnica de València.
Tao, Z. 2014. “Refined finite element modelling of concrete-filled steel stub columns.” In Proc., Australasian Structural Engineering Conf.: ASEC 2014: Structural Engineering in Australasia: World Standard. Engineers Australia: Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
von Mises, R. 1913. “Mechanik der festen Körper im plastisch-deformablen Zustand.” Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Mathematisch-Physikalische Klasse 1913 (4): 582–592.
Wang, Y., L. Yang, Y. Shi, and R. Zhang. 2009. “Loading capacity of composite slim frame beams.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 65 (3): 650–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.05.012.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 2 • February 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 12, 2021
Accepted: Oct 13, 2021
Published online: Nov 26, 2021
Published in print: Feb 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Apr 26, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.