Cyclic Experiments on Steel Sheet Connections for Standard CFS Framed Steel Sheet Sheathed Shear Walls
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 2
Abstract
The primary objective of this work is to provide connection-level force-deformation response appropriate for standard cold-formed steel (CFS) framed steel sheet sheathed shear walls under cyclic loads. Common CFS framing designs increasingly are exploring thicker framing options so that walls can meet gravity demands, overturning demands, and seismic overstrength requirements. For the seismic performance of self-drilling screw-fastened steel sheet sheathed shear walls, the cyclic nonlinear response of the screw-fastened connection is particularly important and should incorporate the impact of shear buckling of the steel sheet on the strength and ductility of the connection. Minimal cyclic connection-level shear test data exist, especially for combinations of screw-fastened thin steel sheet and thick framing steel. A unique lap shear test following current test standards was proposed to elucidate and characterize the cyclic screw-fastened connection behavior. An asymmetric cyclic loading protocol was selected with a small displacement applied in the direction that buckles the thin steel sheet, followed by progressively larger displacements in the opposite direction. A total of 93 tests were conducted, and characterization of the observed cyclic connection response with a multilinear backbone curve appropriate for use in models is provided. Connection strength is sensitive to whether the thin steel sheet ply is buckling away from or toward the fastener head in some test series. Performance of the screw shear strength as per the standard’s provisions is evaluated. The work is intended to provide critical missing information for CFS framed steel sheet sheathed shear walls for use in both simulation and design.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work is part of the research project Seismic Resiliency of Repetitively Framed Mid-Rise Cold-Formed Steel Building (CFS-NHERI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 1663348 and 1663569. Test materials provided by ClarkDietrich are gratefully acknowledged. The tests conducted herein were assisted by Gbenga Olaolorun, Joel John, Boyu Qian, and Nick Logvinovsky; the authors would like to express gratitude to their great help.
Disclaimer
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors and employers.
References
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). 2013. Test standard for cold-formed steel connections. AISI S905-13. Washington, DC: AISI.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). 2015. North American standard for seismic design of cold-formed steel structural systems. AISI S400-15. Washington, DC: AISI.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). 2016. North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members. AISI S100-16. Washington, DC: AISI.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). 2020. North American standard for seismic design of cold-formed steel structural systems. AISI S400-20. Washington, DC: AISI.
ASTM. 2016. Test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. ASTM E8/E8M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Brière, V., and C. A. Rogers. 2017. Higher capacity cold-formed steel sheathed and framed shear walls for mid-rise buildings: Part 2. Montréal: Dept. of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill Univ.
Buonopane, S. G., G. Bian, T. H. Tun, and B. W. Schafer. 2015. “Computationally efficient fastener-based models of cold-formed steel shear walls with wood sheathing.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 110: 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.03.008.
DaBreo, J., N. Balh, C. Ong-Tone, and C. A. Rogers. 2014. “Steel sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls subjected to lateral and gravity loading.” Thin-Walled Struct. 74 (1): 232–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2013.10.006.
FEMA. 2007. Interim testing protocols for determining the seismic performance characteristics of structural and nonstructural components. FEMA 461. Washington, DC: FEMA.
Madsen, R. L., T. A. Castle, and B. W. Schafer. 2016. Seismic design of cold-formed steel lateral load-resisting systems. Gaithersburg, MD: NIST.
Mazzoni, S., F. McKenna, M. H. Scott, and G. L. Fenves. 2006. OpenSees command language manual. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Morgan, K. A., M. A. Sorhouet, and R. L. Serrette. 2002. Performance of CFS framed shear walls—Alternative configurations. Santa Clara, CA: Santa Clara Univ.
Ong-Tone, C., and C. A. Rogers. 2009. Tests and evaluation of cold-formed steel frame/steel sheathed shear walls. Montréal: Dept. of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill Univ.
Peköz, T. 1990. “Design of cold-formed steel screw connections.” In Proc., 10th Int. Specialty Conf. on Cold-Formed Steel Structures, 575–587. St. Louis: Univ. of Missouri.
Peterman, K. D., N. Nakata, and B. W. Schafer. 2014. “Hysteretic characterization of cold-formed steel stud-to-sheathing connections.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 101 (Oct): 254–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.05.019.
Rizk, R., and C. A. Rogers. 2017. Higher strength cold-formed steel framed/steel shear walls for mid-rise construction. Montréal: Dept. of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill Univ.
Rogers, C. A., N. Balh, C. Ong-Tone, I. Shamim, and J. DaBreo. 2011. “Development of seismic design provisions for steel sheet sheathed shear walls.” In Proc., Structures Congress 2011, 676–687. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Rogers, C. A., and R. Tremblay. 2003. “Inelastic seismic response of side lap fasteners for steel roof deck diaphragms.” J. Struct. Eng. 129 (12): 1637–1646. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:12(1637).
Santos, V., and C. A. Rogers. 2017. Higher capacity cold-formed steel sheathed and framed shear walls for mid-rise buildings: Part 1. Montréal: Dept. of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill Univ.
Schafer, B. W. 2019. “Research on the seismic performance of rigid wall flexible diaphragm buildings with bare steel deck diaphragms.” CFSRC Rep. Accessed January 27, 2019. http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/60360.
Serrette, R. L., J. Encalada, B. Matchen, H. Nguyen, and A. Williams. 1997. Additional shear wall values for lightweight steel framing. Santa Clara, CA: Santa Clara Univ.
Shamim, I., J. DaBreo, and C. A. Rogers. 2013. “Dynamic testing of single- and double-story steel sheathed cold-formed steel-framed shear walls.” J. Struct. Eng. 139 (5): 807–817. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000594.
Shi, Y., S. Torabian, B. W. Schafer, W. S. Easterling, and M. R. Eatherton. 2018. “Sidelap and structural fastener tests for steel deck diaphragms.” In Proc., Wei-Wen Yu Int. Specialty Conf.: Cold-Formed Steel Structures. Rolla, MO: Wei Wen Yu Center for Cold-Formed Steel Structures.
Singh, A., X. Wang, and T. C. Hutchinson. 2021. Lateral response of cold-formed steel framed steel sheathed in-line wall systems detailed for mid-rise buildings. Part I: Shake table test phase. La Jolla, CA: Univ. of California, San Diego.
Tao, F., A. Chatterjee, and C. D. Moen. 2016. Monotonic and cyclic response of single shear cold-formed steel-to-steel and sheathing-to-steel connections. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Tech.
Torabian, S., and B. W. Schafer. 2021. “Cyclic experiments on sidelap and structural connectors in steel deck diaphragms.” J. Struct. Eng. 147 (4): 04021028. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002981.
Yanagi, N., and C. Yu. 2014. “Effective strip method for the design of cold-formed steel framed shear wall with steel sheet sheathing.” J. Struct. Eng. 140 (4): 04013101. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000870.
Yu, C., and Y. Chen. 2009. Steel sheet sheathing options for cold-formed steel framed shear wall assemblies providing shear resistance—Phase 2. Denton, TX: Dept. of Engineering Technology, Univ. of North Texas.
Yu, C., H. Vora, T. Dainard, J. Tucker, and P. Veetvkuri. 2007. Steel sheet sheathing options for cold-formed steel framed shear wall assemblies providing shear resistance. Denton, TX: Dept. of Engineering Technology, Univ. of North Texas.
Zhang, Z., and B. W. Schafer. 2019. “Simulation of steel sheet sheathed cold-formed steel framed shear walls.” In Proc., Annual Stability Conf.-Structural Stability Research Council. St. Louis: Structural Stability Research Council, American Institute of Steel Construction.
Zhang, Z., and B. W. Schafer. 2020. “Test report: Cyclic performance of steel sheet connections for CFS steel sheet shear walls.” CFSRC Rep. No. R-2020-06. Accessed July 30, 2020. http://jhir.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/62850.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 2 • February 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 24, 2020
Accepted: Sep 8, 2021
Published online: Nov 22, 2021
Published in print: Feb 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Apr 22, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Shuangshuang Jin, Yu Xie, Mengyi Li, Jiulin Bai, Seismic performance quantification of buckling-restrained steel plate shear wall-RC frame structures, Journal of Building Engineering, 10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104992, 58, (104992), (2022).