Seismic Response of a Typical Shear-Wall Dominated High-Rise Condominium Building during the January 7, 2020, Indios, Puerto Rico Earthquake
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 12
Abstract
Seismic response records were retrieved from the monitored 21-story (53.26-m-tall) typical Puerto Rican reinforced-concrete shear-wall dominated El Castillo Building in Mayaguez, 50 km from the mainshock epicenter of the January 7, 2020, offshore Indios, Puerto Rico earthquake. The shear-wall-to-floor areas of the building are 0.97 and 3.49 in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively, and have a slenderness ratio of 3.0 in the transverse direction. Basement and top-floor peak accelerations were 5% g and 12.8% g, respectively. Additionally, records from a nearby free-field station indicate a site period of 0.16 s. No visible damage was observed in the building after the earthquake. Spectral ratios and system identification allow identification of the transverse, longitudinal, and torsional fundamental periods as 0.97, 0.88, and 0.81 s, respectively, and are consistent with ASCE/SEI 7-16 (2017) formula. Damping percentages are 4.5%, 3.4%, and 2.2%, respectively. The maximum drift ratios are 0.20% and 0.12% in the longitudinal and transverse directions, well below the damage threshold for structural elements of .
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, including:
•
The El Castillo Building (Station B03L) and Mayaguez Club de Oficinistas II (Station MY12) (Free-field station), M6.4 Indios, Puerto Rico Earthquake on January 7, 2020 event data are available directly from https://www.strongmotioncenter.org/index.html or from the corresponding author upon reasonable request; and
•
MY12 Free-field data for 2010, 2011, 2014 events in Table 3: Data Center of Puerto Rico Strong Motion Project (PRSMP), available at http://www.prsmp.uprm.edu/prsmp2/, from coauthor Jose Martinez-Cruzado ([email protected]), or from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
Drs. Juan Alicea, Carlos H. Hurtado, Angel Alicea, and Carlos I. Huerta Lopez provided important information about the buildings discussed in this study. Similarly, the authors are grateful to Prof. Pablo Heresi and Mr. Juan M. Navarro, who conducted initial system identification of the building using modal minimization technique. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government.
References
Alam, M., et al. 2020. Virtual earthquake reconnaissance team (VERT): Phase 1 response to Indios. Oakland, CA: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
Alicea-Rodríguez, A. J. 2018. “Modeling, dynamic identification, and nonlinear assessment of civil structures from recorded earthquakes and ambient vibrations.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Puerto Rico.
ASCE. 2017. Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7-16. Reston, VA: ASCE.
BCJ (The Building Center of Japan). 2001a. Manual for time history response analysis of building performance evaluation manual. Tokyo, Japan: BCJ.
BCJ (The Building Center of Japan). 2001b. Time history response analysis building performance evaluation manual. Tokyo, Japan: BCJ.
Beck, J. L., and P. C. Jennings. 1980. “Structural identification using linear models and earthquake records.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 8 (2): 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290080205.
Bendat, J. S., and A. G. Piersol. 1980. Engineering applications of correlation and spectral analyses, 302. New York: Wiley.
Cano, S. L. 2008. “On time-frequency analysis for structural damage detection.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Puerto Rico.
Çelebi, M. 1996. “Comparison of damping in buildings under low-amplitude and strong motions.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 59 (2–3): 309–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(96)00014-1.
Çelebi, M. 2008. “Real-time monitoring of drift for occupancy resumption.” In Proc., 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Tokyo: International Association of Earthquake Engineering.
Çelebi, M. 2009. “Seismic monitoring to assess performance of structures in near-real time: Recent progress.” In Vol. 10 of Seismic risk assessment and retrofitting. Geotechnical, geological and earthquake engineering, edited by A. Ilki, F. Karadogan, S. Pala, and E. Yuksel. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Çelebi, M., M. Erdik, and O. Yuzugullu. 1977. Tunel kalipla insa edilen cok katli betonarme yapi titrsimi [Vibration of multi-story reinforced concrete structure cast by tummel forms]. [In Turkish.]. Ankara, Turkey: Middle East Technical Univ.-Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (METU-EERI).
Çelebi, M., S. F. Ghahari, H. Haddadi, and E. Taciroglu. 2020. “Response study of the tallest California building inferred from the Mw7.1 July 5, 2019 Ridgecrest, California earthquake and ambient motions.” Earthquake Spectra 36 (3): 1096–1118. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755293020906836.
Çelebi, M., H. Haddadi, M. Huang, M. Valley, J. Hooper, and R. Klemencic. 2019. “The behavior of the Salesforce tower, the tallest building in San Francisco, California inferred from earthquake and ambient shaking.” Earthquake Spectra 35 (4): 1711–1737. https://doi.org/10.1193/112918EQS273M.
Çelebi, M., L. T. Phan, and R. D. Marshall. 1993. “Dynamic characteristics of five tall buildings during strong and low-amplitude motions.” Struct. Des. Tall Build. 2 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.4320020102.
Çelebi, M., and E. Şafak. 1991. “Seismic response of Transamerica building. I: Data and preliminary analysis.” J. Struct. Eng. 117 (8): 2389–2404. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:8(2389).
Çelebi, M., H. Ulusoy, and N. Nakata. 2016. “Responses of a tall building in Los Angeles, California as inferred from local and distant earthquakes.” Earthquake Spectra 32 (3): 1821–1843. https://doi.org/10.1193/050515EQS065M.
CESMD (Center for Engineering Strong Motion Data). 2020. “M6.4 Indios, Puerto Rico earthquake of 07 Jan 2020.” Accessed January 16, 2020. https://www.strongmotioncenter.org.
Cruz, C., and E. Miranda. 2017. “Evaluation of damping ratios for the seismic analysis of tall buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (1): 04016144. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001628.
Cruz, C., and E. Miranda. 2019. “Reliability of damping ratios inferred from the seismic response of buildings.” Eng. Struct. 184 (Apr): 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.056.
Cruz, C., and E. Miranda. 2021. “Damping ratios of the first mode for the seismic analysis of buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 147 (1): 04020300. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002873.
Curet, A. F. 1968. “Geologic map of the Mayagüez and Rosario Quadrangles, Puerto Rico.” Accessed September 8, 2021. https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1657/plate-1.pdf.
Goel, R. K., and A. K. Chopra. 1998. “Period formulas for concrete shear wall buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 24 (4): 426–433. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:4(426).
Huerta-López, C. I., J. A. Martínez-Cruzado, J. Martínez-Pagán, E. X. Santana-Torres, M. Torres-Ortiz, and A. Rivera-Figueroa. 2018. Seismic instrumentation of El Castillo building Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. Mayaguez, PR: Univ. of Puerto Rico.
Huerta-López, C. I., M. A. Pando, L. E. Suarez, R. Ritta, and J. A. Martínez-Cruzado. 2009. “Shallow soil layers fundamental vibration mode: A comparison of estimations obtained with the random decrement method and H/V spectral ratios using weak and moderate seismic ground motions.” In Proc., Meeting American Geophysical Union, Joint Assembly. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union.
Huerta-López, C. I., F. M. Upegui-Botero, J. A. Martínez-Cruzado, L. E. Suarez-Colche, J. D. De Basabe-Delgado, and R. R. Castro-Escamilla. 2012. “Local peak ground acceleration response of three recent earthquakes of magnitudes 5.3, 5.4, 5.8 and their implication of local site effects and instrumental intensity in the Puerto Rico Island.” In Proc., Reunion Annual de la Union Geofisica Mexicana. Puerto Vallarta, Mexico: Unión Geofísica Mexicana.
Kubo, T., Y. Hisada, M. Murakami, F. Kosuge, and K. Hamano. 2011. “Application of an earthquake early warning system and a real-time strong motion monitoring system in emergency response in a high-rise building.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 31 (2): 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2010.07.009.
Lagos, R., M. Kupfer, J. Lindenberg, P. Bonelli, R. Saragoni, T. Guendelman, L. Massone, R. Boroschek, and F. Yanez. 2012. “Seismic performance of high-rise concrete buildings in Chile.” Int. J. High-Rise Build. 1 (3): 181–194. https://doi.org/10.21022/IJHRB.2012.1.2.181.
LATBSDC (Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council). 2017. An alternative procedure for seismic analyses and design of tall buildings located in the Los Angeles region: A consensus document, 72. Los Angeles, CA: LATBSDC.
Ljung, L. 1987. System identification: Theory and user. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
López, J. V., F. M. U. Boter, C. I. Huerta-López, F. J. Hernández, C. Vélez, J. A. Martínez-Cruzado, L. E. Suarez-Colche, J. Martínez-Pagan, X. Erick, and E. X. Santana. 2013. “Programa de Movimiento Fuerte de Puerto Rico, Instrumentacion, Adquisicion y Analisis de datos Sismicos.” [In Spanish.] In Proc., 19th Congreso Nacional de Ingeniera Sismica. Boca del Río, Veracruz: Societad Mexicana de Ingeniera Sismica.
Mathworks. 2020. MATLAB users guide. System identification toolbox for use with MATLAB. South Natick, MA: Mathworks.
Miranda, E., et al. 2020a. StEER—07 Jan. 2020 Puerto Rico Mw6.4 earthquake: Preliminary virtual reconnaissance report (PVRR). Alexandria, VA: National Science Foundation.
Miranda, E., J. Archbold, P. Heresi, A. Messina, I. Rosa, I. Robertson, K. Mosalam, T. Kijewski-Correa, D. Prevatt, and D. Roueche. 2020b. StEER—Puerto Rico earthquake sequence December 2019 to January 2020: Field assessment structural team (FAST) early access reconnaissance report (EARR). Alexandria, VA: National Science Foundation.
PEER (Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center). 2017. Guidelines for performance-based seismic design of tall buildings. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California.
PRSMP (Puerto Rico Strong Motion Program). 2013. “Web page of Puerto Rico Strong-Motion Program of University of Puerto Rico, at Mayagüez.” Accessed January 20, 2021. http://www.prsmp.uprm.edu/prsmp2/.
Van Overschee, P., and B. De Moor. 1994. “N4SID: Subspace algorithms for the identification of combined deterministic-stochastic systems.” Automatica 30 (1): 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(94)90230-5.
Van Overschee, P., and B. De Moor. 1996. Subspace identification for linear systems. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 17, 2021
Accepted: Aug 10, 2021
Published online: Sep 30, 2021
Published in print: Dec 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Feb 28, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.