Residual Stress and Global Deflection Limits for Future Hot-Rolled Steel Asymmetric I-Beams
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 1
Abstract
Medium-span to long-span floor systems in residential and commercial construction have commonly used steel–concrete composite construction. These composite floor systems have become more structurally efficient with the use of built-up asymmetric steel beam sections. Although structural efficiency is important, a fast and cost-effective solution is paramount. The research presented herein is being conducted for the AISC on hot-rolled asymmetric I-beams (A-shapes) for potential future addition to the AISC Steel Construction Manual. The aim is to adequately proportion these hot-rolled shapes so they match or improve built-up asymmetric beam structural efficiency while increasing the speed and economy of steel–concrete composite floor systems. The initial focus has been placed on steel behavior as a result of the manufacturing process, where residual stresses and deformations can be an issue due to uneven cooling. A better understanding of residual stresses is critical for accurate calculation of the lateral torsional buckling strength during deck casting and placement. In addition, steel mills have expressed concern regarding global deformation of an asymmetric I-shape. As a result, an extensive thermomechanical finite-element modeling approach, using nonlinear thermomechanical properties of steel, was devised to simulate the cooling process of hot-rolled steel shapes. A single model requires up to 50 h of processing time using the Texas A&M high-performance computing center. The modeling procedure was validated against accepted residual stress experimental test measurements. Proof-of-concept (POC) A-shape beams were also produced by Nucor. The POC beam cooling profiles were used as further validation. Then, a parametric study was executed that individually altered the top flange width and thickness of two different-depth W-shapes. The parametric study identified a maximum flange width-to-thickness ratio to satisfy a reasonable residual compressive stress limit. The study also found that, despite concerns, global deformations are not an issue for realistic proportions of future hot-rolled asymmetric I-beams.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to express gratitude to AISC for financially supporting this research through the Milek Fellowship. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of AISC. The authors also like to thank Nucor for donating the material and their services to produce the proof-of-concept A-shapes. Specifically, we would like to acknowledge Mike Thomas, Phil Bischof, and Ross Simmons. This research was conducted at Texas A&M College Station and partially funded through the Engineering Graduate Merit Fellowship. The numerical analysis of this research was conducted with high-performance research computing resources provided by Texas A&M University (https://hprc.tamu.edu).
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Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 148 • Issue 1 • January 2022
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 29, 2021
Accepted: Aug 5, 2021
Published online: Oct 21, 2021
Published in print: Jan 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Mar 21, 2022
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Cited by
- Sheyenne Davis, Eric Stoddard, Matthew T. Yarnold, Full-Scale Floor System Testing for Future Hot-Rolled Asymmetric Steel I-Beams, Journal of Structural Engineering, 10.1061/JSENDH.STENG-11610, 149, 2, (2023).