Strength of Bolted Lap Joints in Steel Sheets with Small End Distance
This article has been corrected.
VIEW CORRECTIONPublication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146, Issue 12
Abstract
The objective of this work is to investigate the shear capacity of small end distance lap joints in sheet steel fastened with a single bolt. For bolted connections in shear, the current American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) specification does not differentiate between tilting limit states, in which the fastener rotates and thin sheet curls, and nontilting limit states, such as bearing and tearing. An experimental program consisting of 36 bolted specimens with a small end distance, 18 subject to tilting and 18 not subject to tilting, were conducted to explore this phenomenon. The conducted tests were compared to available predictions in the design specifications and the literature. The comparison indicates that tilting needs to be explicitly considered in the tested condition. Recommendations are provided for design. There is a need for future work to investigate multibolt configurations with small end distance and connections with members.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, which include raw data points of tensile coupon tests, raw data points of connection tests, and all images used for the DIC analysis.
Acknowledgments
This paper is based on the work supported by the American Institute of Steel and Iron (AISI) Small Fellowship Program (1208430017). The authors are also grateful for the discussion with Prof. Lip Teh (University of Wollongong, Australia) about the connection tests during his visit at Johns Hopkins University.
References
AISC. 2010. Specification for structural steel buildings. AISC 360-10. Chicago: AISC.
AISC. 2016. Specification for structural steel buildings. AISC 360-16. Chicago: AISC.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). 1996. North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members. Washington, DC: AISI.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). 2007. North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members. AISI S100-07. Washington, DC: AISI.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). 2012. North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members. AISI S100-12. Washington, DC: AISI.
AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute). 2016. North American specification for the design of cold-formed steel structural members. AISI S100-16. Washington, DC: AISI.
AS/NZS (Australian/New Zealand Standard). 2005. Cold-formed steel structures. AS/NZS 4600. Sydney, NSW: Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand.
ASTM. 2016. Test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. ASTM E8/E8M. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM.
Blaber, J., B. Adair, and A. Antoniou. 2015. “Ncorr: Open-source 2D digital image correlation MATLAB software.” Exp. Mech. 55 (6): 1105–1122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-015-0009-1.
Carril, J. L., R. A. LaBoube, and W. Yu. 1994. Tensile and bearing capacities of bolted connections. Rolla, MO: Univ. of Missouri-Rolla.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2006. Eurocode 3. Design of steel structures—Part 1.3: General rules—Supplementary rules for cold formed thin gauge members and sheeting. EN-1993-1-3:2006. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chong, K. P., and R. B. Matlock. 1975. “Light-gage steel bolted connections without washers.” J. Struct. Div. 101 (7): 1381–1391.
Fox, D. M., and R. M. Schuster. 2006. “Single bolted tension member design: A new approach.” In Proc., 18th Int. Specialty Conf. on Cold-Formed Steel Structures, 21. Rolla, MO: Univ. of Missouri.
He, Y. C., and Y. C. Wang. 2011. “Load–deflection behaviour of thin-walled plates with a single bolt in shearing.” Thin Walled Struct. 49 (10): 1261–1276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2011.05.008.
Kulak, G. L., and G. Y. Grondin. 2001. “AISC LRFD rules for block shear in bolted connections: A review.” Eng. J. 38 (4): 199–203.
Meimand, V. Z., and B. W. Schafer. 2014. “Impact of load combinations on structural reliability determined from testing cold-formed steel components.” Struct. Saf. 48 (May): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2013.10.006.
Rogers, C. A., and G. J. Hancock. 1998. “Bolted connection tests of thin G550 and G300 sheet steels.” J. Struct. Eng. 124 (7): 798–808. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:7(798).
Rogers, C. A., and G. J. Hancock. 2000. “Failure modes of bolted-sheet-steel connections loaded in shear.” J. Struct. Eng. 126 (3): 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2000)126:3(288).
Schijve, J. 2009. Fatigue of structures and materials. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Soo Kim, T., and H. Kuwamura. 2007. “Finite element modeling of bolted connections in thin-walled stainless steel plates under static shear.” Thin Walled Struct. 45 (4): 407–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2007.03.006.
Teh, L. H., and M. E. Uz. 2015. “Ultimate shear-out capacities of structural-steel bolted connections.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (6): 04014152. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001105.
Teh, L. H., and M. E. Uz. 2017. “Ultimate tilt-bearing capacity of bolted connections in cold-reduced steel sheets.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (4): 04016206. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001702.
Winter, G. 1956. Light gage steel connections with high-strength, high-torqued bolts, 513–528. Rolla, MO: Univ. of Missouri.
Xing, H., L. H. Teh, Z. Jiang, and A. Ahmed. 2020. “Shear-out capacity of bolted connections in cold-reduced steel sheets.” J. Struct. Eng. 146 (4): 04020018. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002565.
Yu, W. 1982. “AISI design criteria for bolted connections.” In Proc., 6th Int. Specialty Conf. on Cold-Formed Steel Structures, 675–698. Rolla, MO: Univ. of Missouri.
Zadanfarrokh, F., and E. R. Bryan. 1992. “Testing and design of bolted connections in cold formed steel sections.” In Proc., 11th Int. Specialty Conf. on Cold-Formed Steel Structures, 625–666. Rolla, MO: Univ. of Missouri.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146 • Issue 12 • December 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 19, 2019
Accepted: Jul 2, 2020
Published online: Sep 22, 2020
Published in print: Dec 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Feb 22, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.