Eccentric-Axial-Load Test for Composite Columns Using Bolt-Connected Steel Angles
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 146, Issue 9
Abstract
For better structural performance and constructability, a concrete-encased steel column that uses a steel cage prefabricated with bolt connections was developed. The steel cage consists of longitudinal steel angles and transverse steel plates. As a fundamental verification of the proposed column, an eccentric-axial-load test was performed on eight composite column specimens. Test parameters included column type (i.e., conventional concrete-encased steel column versus proposed column), shape and spacing of transverse plate, and axial load eccentricity. The test results showed that, owing to the high flexural stiffness of the steel angles placed at the corners of the cross section, the axial strength and ductility of the proposed column were greater than those of the conventional composite column using a wide flange steel section at the center of the cross section, particularly in the large eccentricity of axial load. Z-section plates and closely spaced flat plates used for transverse reinforcement provided better lateral confinement to the concrete, thereby increasing the load-carrying capacity of the proposed columns. In general, existing design methods safely predicted the axial-flexural capacities of the specimens. Nonlinear numerical analysis was performed to verify test results. The numerical analysis results agreed with the test results in terms of yield stiffness, peak strength, and postpeak strength degradation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
The Institute of Engineering Research, Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering, at Seoul National University provided research facilities for this work. This research was also supported by the Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement (KAIA) funded by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (19AUDP-B106327-05). The authors are grateful for the support of these authorities.
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2013. Guide for testing reinforced concrete structural element under slowly applied simulated seismic loads. ACI 374.2R. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2019. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI 318. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Adam, J. M., S. Ivorra, E. Giménez, J. J. Moragues, P. Miguel, C. Miragall, and P. A. Calderón. 2007. “Behaviour of axially loaded RC columns strengthened by steel angles and strips.” Steel Compos. Struct. 7 (5): 405–419. https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2007.7.5.405.
AISC. 2016. Specification for structural steel buildings. ANSI/AISC 360. Chicago: AISC.
Belal, M. F., H. M. Mohamed, and S. A. Morad. 2015. “Behavior of reinforced concrete columns strengthened by steel jacket.” HBRC J. 11 (2): 201–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hbrcj.2014.05.002.
Campione, G. 2013. “RC columns strengthened with steel angles and battens: Experimental results and design procedure.” Pract. Period. Struct. Des. Constr. 18 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)SC.1943-5576.0000125.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004a. Design of composite steel and concrete structures. Eurocode 4. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004b. Design of concrete structures. Eurocode 2. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2005. Design of steel structures. Eurocode 3. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Cirtek, L. 2001. “RC columns strengthened with bandage: Experimental programme and design recommendations.” Constr. Build. Mater. 15 (8): 341–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-0618(01)00015-0.
Cusson, D., and P. Paultre. 1995. “Stress-strain model for confined high-strength concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. 121 (3): 468–477. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:3(468).
Eom, T. S., H. J. Hwang, H. G. Park, C. N. Lee, and H. S. Kim. 2014. “Flexural test for steel-concrete composite members using prefabricated steel angles.” J. Struct. Eng. 140 (4): 04013094. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000898.
Hwang, H. J., T. S. Eom, H. G. Park, and S. H. Lee. 2016. “Axial load and cyclic load tests for composite columns with steel angles.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (5): 04016001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001452.
Kim, C. S., and H. J. Hwang. 2018. “Numerical investigation on load-carrying capacity of high-strength concrete-encased steel angle columns.” Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater. 12 (1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40069-018-0238-7.
Kim, C. S., H. G. Park, K. S. Chung, and I. R. Choi. 2012. “Eccentric axial load testing for concrete-encased steel columns using 800 MPa steel and 100MPa concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. 138 (8): 1019–1031. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000533.
Kim, C. S., H. G. Park, K. S. Chung, and I. R. Choi. 2014. “Eccentric axial load capacity of high-strength steel-concrete composite columns of various sectional shapes.” J. Struct. Eng. 140 (4): 04013091. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000879.
KS (Korean Standard). 2016. Sets of torque-shear type high tension bolt, hexagon nut and plain washer for structural joints. KS B2819. Eumseong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do: KS.
Légeron, F., and P. Paultre. 2003. “Uniaxial confinement model for normal and high-strength concrete columns.” J. Struct. Eng. 129 (2): 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:2(241).
Mirza, S. A., and T. K. Tikka. 1999. “Flexural stiffness of composite columns subjected to major axis bending.” ACI Struct. J. 96 (1): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.14359/592.
Montuori, R., and V. Piluso. 2009. “Reinforced concrete columns strengthened with angles and battens subjected to eccentric load.” Eng. Struct. 31 (2): 539–550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.10.005.
Morino, S., C. Matsui, and S. Yoshikai. 1986. “Local buckling of steel elements in concrete encased columns.” In Vol. 2 of Proc., Pacific Structural Steel Conf., 319–335. Auckland, New Zealand: Heavy Engineering Research Association.
Poon, E. D. 1999. Effect of column retrofitting on the seismic response of concrete frames, 162. Montreal: Dept. of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, McGill Univ.
Ramirez, J. L. 1996. “Ten concrete column repair methods.” Constr. Build. Mater. 10 (3): 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/0950-0618(95)00087-9.
Tarabia, A. M., and H. F. Albakry. 2014. “Strengthening of RC columns by steel angles and strips.” Alexandria Eng. J. 53 (3): 615–626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2014.04.005.
Wee, T. H., M. S. Chin, and M. A. Mansur. 1996. “Stress-strain relationship of high-strength concrete in compression.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 8 (2): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1996)8:2(70).
Zheng, W., and J. Ji. 2008. “Dynamic performance of angle-steel concrete columns under low cyclic loading. I: Experimental study.” Earthquake Eng. Eng. Vibr. 7 (1): 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-008-0768-0.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 10, 2019
Accepted: Feb 6, 2020
Published online: Jun 25, 2020
Published in print: Sep 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Nov 25, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.