Experimental Study of Square and Rectangular CFDST Sections with Stainless Steel Outer Tubes under Axial Compression
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 11
Abstract
A comprehensive experimental investigation into the axial compressive response of concrete-filled double skin tubular (CFDST) sections with stainless steel square and rectangular outer tubes is presented. A total of 28 tests was carried out. The experimental setup and procedures are described, and the test observations are fully reported. The test results are employed to assess the applicability of the current European and North American design provisions for composite carbon steel members to the design of the studied CFDST cross sections. Modifications to the current design codes are also considered—a higher buckling coefficient of 10.67 to consider the beneficial restraining effect of the concrete on the local buckling of the stainless steel outer tubes and a reduction factor to account for the effective compressive strength of high-strength concrete. Overall, the comparisons revealed that the existing design rules may generally be safely applied to the prediction of the compressive resistance of CFDST cross sections with stainless steel outer tubes, although the modified design rules offered greater accuracy and consistency.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ACI. 2014. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI 318. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Afshan, S., and L. Gardner. 2013. “Experimental study of cold-formed ferritic stainless steel hollow sections.” J. Struct. Eng. 139 (5): 717–728. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000580.
AISC. 2016. Specification for structural steel buildings. AISC 360-10. Chicago: AISC.
Arrayago, I., E. Real, and L. Gardner. 2015. “Description of stress-strain curves for stainless steel alloys.” Mater. Des. 87 (Dec): 540–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.001.
ASCE. 2002. Specification for the design of cold-formed stainless steel structural members. SEI/ASCE-8-02. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Bradford, M. A., H. D. Wright, and B. Uy. 1998. “Local buckling of the steel skin in lightweight composites induced by creep and shrinkage.” Adv. Struct. Eng. 2 (1): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/136943329800200104.
Cashell, K. A., and N. R. Baddoo. 2014. “Ferritic stainless steels in structural applications.” Thin-Walled Struct. 83 (Oct): 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.03.014.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004a. Design of composite steel and concrete structures—Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings: Eurocode 4. EN 1994-1-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004b. Design of concrete structures—Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings: Eurocode 2. EN 1992-1-1. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2006a. Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures—Part 1-4: General rules—Supplementary rules for stainless steels. EN 1993-1-4. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2006b Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures—Part 1-5: General rules and supplementary rules for plated structures. EN 1993-1-5. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
Chan, T. M., Y. M. Huai, and W. Wang. 2015. “Experimental investigation on lightweight concrete-filled cold-formed elliptical hollow section stub columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 115 (Dec): 434–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.08.029.
Chen, W. F., and D. J. Han. 2007. Plasticity for structural engineers. Plantation, FL: J. Ross Publishing.
Ellobody, E., and B. Young. 2006. “Design and behaviour of concrete-filled cold-formed stainless steel tube columns.” Eng. Struct. 28 (5): 716–728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.09.023.
Gardner, L. 2019. “Stability and design of stainless steel structures: Review and outlook.” Thin-Walled Struct. 141 (Aug): 208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.04.019.
Gardner, L., and M. Theofanous. 2008. “Discrete and continuous treatment of local buckling in stainless steel elements.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 64 (11): 1207–1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2008.07.003.
Gardner, L., and X. Yun. 2018. “Description of stress-strain curves for cold-formed steels.” Constr. Build. Mater. 189 (Nov): 527–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.195.
Huang, Y., and B. Young. 2013. “Tests of pin-ended cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 82 (Mar): 203–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.01.001.
Huang, Y., and B. Young. 2014a. “Structural performance of cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel columns.” Thin-Walled Struct. 83 (Oct): 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2014.01.006.
Huang, Y., and B. Young. 2014b. “The art of coupon tests.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 96 (May): 159–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.01.010.
Jamaluddin, N., D. Lam, X. H. Dai, and J. Ye. 2013. “An experimental study on elliptical concrete filled columns under axial compression.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 87 (Aug): 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.04.002.
Lai, Z., A. H. Varma, and K. Zhang. 2014. “Noncompact and slender rectangular CFT members: Experimental database, analysis, and design.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 101 (Oct): 455–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.06.004.
Lam, D., J. Yang, and A. Mohammed. 2017. “Axial behaviour of concrete filled lean duplex stainless steel square hollow sections.” In Vol. 1 of Proc., Eurosteel 2017—8th European Conf. on Steel and Composite Structures, 1956–1965. Berlin: Ernst & Sohn.
Leon, R. T., D. K. Kim, and J. F. Hajjar. 2007. “Limit state response of composite columns and beam-columns part 1: Formulation of design provisions for the 2005 AISC specification.” Eng. J. AISC 44 (4): 341–358.
Li, L. 2017. “Structural performance of concrete-filled cold-formed stainless steel members.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. Hong Kong.
Liew, J. R., M. Xiong, and D. Xiong. 2016. “Design of concrete filled tubular beam-columns with high strength steel and concrete.” Structures 8 (Nov): 213–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2016.05.005.
Lu, H., L. H. Han, and X. L. Zhao. 2010. “Fire performance of self-consolidating concrete filled double skin steel tubular columns: Experiments.” Fire Saf. J. 45 (2): 106–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2009.12.001.
McCann, F., L. Gardner, and W. Qiu. 2015. “Experimental study of slender concrete-filled elliptical hollow section beam-columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 113 (Oct): 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.06.013.
Mirambell, E., and E. Real. 2000. “On the calculation of deflections in structural stainless steel beams: An experimental and numerical investigation.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 54 (1): 109–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(99)00051-6.
Rasmussen, K. J. 2003. “Full-range stress-strain curves for stainless steel alloys.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 59 (1): 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-974X(02)00018-4.
Tao, Z., and L. H. Han. 2006. “Behaviour of concrete-filled double skin rectangular steel tubular beam-columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 62 (7): 631–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.11.008.
Tao, Z., L. H. Han, and X. L. Zhao. 2004. “Tests on stub columns of concrete filled double skin rectangular hollow sections.” In Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Thin-Walled Struct., 885–92. Bristol, UK: Institute of Physics Publishing.
Theofanous, M., and L. Gardner. 2009. “Testing and numerical modelling of lean duplex stainless steel hollow section columns.” Eng. Struct. 31 (12): 3047–3058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.08.004.
Uy, B., and M. A. Bradford. 1996. “Elastic local buckling of steel plates in composite steel-concrete members.” Eng. Struct. 18 (3): 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(95)00143-3.
Uy, B., Z. Tao, and L. H. Han. 2011. “Behaviour of short and slender concrete-filled stainless steel tubular columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 67 (3): 360–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2010.10.004.
Wang, F., B. Young, and L. Gardner. 2019. “Compressive testing and numerical modelling of concrete-filled double skin CHS with austenitic stainless steel outer tubes.” Thin-Walled Struct. 41 (Aug): 345–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.04.003.
Yang, H., D. Lam, and L. Gardner. 2008. “Testing and analysis of concrete-filled elliptical hollow sections.” Eng. Struct. 30 (12): 3771–3781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.07.004.
Young, B., and E. Ellobody. 2006. “Experimental investigation of concrete-filled cold-formed high strength stainless steel tube columns.” J. Constr. Steel Res. 62 (5): 484–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2005.08.004.
Zhao, O., L. Gardner, and B. Young. 2016. “Experimental study of ferritic stainless steel tubular beam-column members subjected to unequal end moments.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (11): 04016091. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001563.
Zhao, O., B. Rossi, L. Gardner, and B. Young. 2015. “Behaviour of structural stainless steel cross-sections under combined loading—Part I: Experimental study.” Eng. Struct. 89 (Apr): 236–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.11.014.
Zhao, X. L., and R. Grzebieta. 2002. “Strength and ductility of concrete filled double skin (SHS inner and SHS outer) tubes.” Thin-Walled Struct. 40 (2): 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-8231(01)00060-X.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 20, 2018
Accepted: Mar 7, 2019
Published online: Sep 12, 2019
Published in print: Nov 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Feb 12, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.