Combined Wind-Wave-Surge Hurricane-Induced Damage Prediction for Buildings
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 1
Abstract
Coastal structures are subjected to multihazard events such as hurricanes which consist of hurricane-induced surge and waves as well as winds. Hurricanes are a common natural hazard in the United States and cause considerable damage every year, with resulting annualized losses in the United States in the tens of billions of dollars. Although improvements in construction practices have been notable over time for individual hazards, there is still a dearth of risk and damage prediction methods in the area of multiple hazards that are based on principles of mechanics. In this study, a methodology to develop multihazard damage fragilities is summarized and illustrated for a wood-frame residential-building archetype subjected to hurricane winds, storm surge, and waves. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) requires new buildings along the US coastline to be constructed with the first finished floor set at an elevation that exceeds a minimum necessary elevation. Therefore, two different elevations are considered for the lowest horizontal structural member of the archetype to also examine its effect on damage fragilities. The developed multihazard fragilities are used to calculate the time-dependent probability of each damage state at a given location over the timeframe of an event, i.e., hurricane. In this regard, the spatial and temporal data of wind speeds, flood depths, and significant wave heights for Hurricane Ike are simulated by the ADCIRC + SWAN model (a tightly coupled version of the ADvanced CIRCulation model and the Simulating WAves Nearshore model for simulating the propagation of storm surge and waves from deep water to the coastal region). The performance of nonelevated and elevated archetypes is examined at different locations in southeast Texas for Hurricane Ike and a scenario of damage states predicted for this area for the elevated archetype.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work presented in this paper was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. CMMI-1452725. The surge and wave portion of this study was funded by Cooperative Agreement 70NANB15H044 between NIST and Colorado State University, and through a subcontract from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as part of the DHS Coastal Resilience Center of Excellence. These sources of support are gratefully acknowledged. All views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding organizations or government institutes or departments that provided research funding.
References
Amini, M. O., and J. W. van de Lindt. 2014. “Quantitative insight into rational tornado design wind speeds for residential wood-frame structures using fragility approach.” J. Struct. Eng. 140 (7): 04014033. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000914.
ASCE. 2010. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7. Reston, VA: ASCE.
ASCE. 2016. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Baradaranshoraka, M., J. P. Pinelli, K. Gurley, X. Peng, and M. Zhao. 2017. “Hurricane wind versus storm surge damage in the context of a risk prediction model.” J. Struct. Eng. 143 (9): 04017103. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001824.
Berg, R. 2009. Tropical cyclone report: Hurricane Ike (AL092008), 1–14 September 2008. Miami: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
Bjarnadottir, S., Y. Li, and M. G. Stewart. 2013. “Regional loss estimation due to hurricane wind and hurricane-induced surge considering climate variability.” Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. 10 (11): 1369–1384. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2013.816973.
Blake, E. S., T. B. Kimberlain, R. J. Berg, J. P. Cangialosi, and J. L. Beven. 2013. Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Sandy (AL182012), 22– 29 October 2012. Miami: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
Booij, N., R. C. Ris, and L. H. Holthuijsen. 1999. “A third-generation wave model for coastal regions. 1: Model description and validation.” J. Geophys. Res. 104 (C4): 7649–7666. https://doi.org/10.1029/98JC02622.
Cope, A. D. 2004. “Predicting the vulnerability of typical residential buildings to hurricane damage.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Coastal Engineering, Univ. of Florida.
Crosset, K. M., T. J. Culliton, P. C. Wiley, and T. R. Goodspeed. 2004. Population trends along the coastal United States: 1980–2008. Washington, DC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Dietrich, J. C., et al. 2011a. “Hurricane Gustav (2008) waves and storm surge: Hindcast, synoptic analysis, and validation in Southern Louisiana.” Mon. Weather Rev. 139 (8): 2488–2522. https://doi.org/10.1175/2011MWR3611.1.
Dietrich, J. C., S. Tanaka, J. J. Westerink, C. N. Dawson, R. A. Luettich, M. Zijlema, L. H. Holthuijsen, J. M. Smith, L. G. Westerink, and H. J. Westerink. 2012. “Performance of the unstructured-mesh, SWAN + ADCIRC model in computing hurricane waves and surge.” J. Sci. Comput. 52 (2): 468–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-011-9555-6.
Dietrich, J. C., M. Zijlema, J. J. Westerink, L. H. Holthuijsen, C. Dawson, R. A. Luettich, R. E. Jensen, J. M. Smith, G. S. Stelling, and G. W. Stone. 2011b. “Modeling hurricane waves and storm surge using integrally-coupled, scalable computations.” Coastal Eng. 58 (1): 45–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.08.001.
Do, T. Q., J. W. van de Lindt, and D. T. Cox. 2016. “Performance-based design methodology for inundated elevated coastal structures subjected to wave load.” Eng. Struct. 117: 250–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.02.046.
Do, T. Q., J. W. van de Lindt, and D. T. Cox. 2018. “Hurricane surge-wave building fragility methodology for use with the HAZUS-MH.” Eng. Struct., in press.
Ellingwood, B. R., D. V. Rosowsky, Y. Li, and J. H. Kim. 2004. “Fragility assessment of light-frame wood construction subjected to wind and earthquake hazards.” J. Struct. Eng. 130 (12): 1921–1930. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:12(1921).
FEMA. 2009a. Mitigation assessment team report: Hurricane Ike in Texas and Louisiana. FEMA P-757. Washington, DC: FEMA.
FEMA. 2009b. Multi-hazard loss estimation methodology: Hurricane MODEL. Washington, DC: FEMA and Dept. of Homeland Security.
FEMA. 2011. Coastal construction manual. FEMA P-55. Washington, DC: FEMA.
FEMA. 2017. Multi-hazard loss estimation methodology: Flood model. Washington, DC: Dept. of Homeland Security.
Hope, M. E., et al. 2013. “Hindcast and validation of Hurricane Ike (2008) waves, forerunner, and storm surge.” J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 118 (9): 4424–4460. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20314.
Irish, J. L., D. T. Resio, and J. J. Ratcliff. 2008. “The influence of storm size on hurricane surge.” J. Phys. Oceanogr. 38 (9): 2003–2013. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JPO3727.1.
Kennedy, A. B., U. Gravois, B. C. Zachry, J. J. Westerink, M. E. Hope, J. C. Dietrich, M. D. Powell, A. T. Cox, R. A. Luettich, and R. G. Dean. 2011. “Origin of the Hurricane Ike forerunner surge.” Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 (8): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047090.
Koliou, M., H. Masoomi, and J. W. van de Lindt. 2017. “Performance assessment of tilt-up big-box buildings subjected to extreme hazards: Tornadoes and earthquakes.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 31 (5): 04017060. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001059.
Lee, K. H., and D. V. Rosowsky. 2005. “Fragility assessment for roof sheathing failure in high wind regions.” Eng. Struct. 27 (6): 857–868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.12.017.
Li, Y., J. W. van de Lindt, T. Dao, S. Bjarnadottir, and A. Ahuja. 2012. “Loss analysis for combined wind and surge in hurricanes.” Nat. Hazards Rev. 13 (1): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000058.
Luettich, R. A., J. J. Westerink, and N. W. Scheffner. 1992. ADCIRC: An advanced three-dimensional circulation model for shelves, coasts, and estuaries. Washington, DC: US Army Corps of Engineers.
Martyr, R. C., et al. 2013. “Simulating hurricane storm surge in the lower Mississippi River under varying flow conditions.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 139 (5): 492–501. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000699.
Masoomi, H., M. R. Ameri, and J. W. van de Lindt. 2018. “Wind performance enhancement strategies for residential wood-frame buildings.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 32 (3): 04018024. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001172.
Masoomi, H., and J. W. van de Lindt. 2016. “Tornado fragility and risk assessment of an archetype masonry school building.” Eng. Struct. 128: 26–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.09.030.
Masoomi, H., and J. W. van de Lindt. 2017. “Tornado community-level spatial damage prediction including pressure deficit modeling.” Sustainable Resilient Infrastruct. 2 (4): 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/23789689.2017.1345254.
McCullough, M. C., A. Kareem, A. S. Donahue, and J. J. Westerink. 2013. “Structural damage under multiple hazards in coastal environments.” J. Disaster Res. 8 (6): 1042–1051. https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p1042.
Memari, M., N. Attary, H. Masoomi, H. Mahmoud, J. W. van de Lindt, S. F. Pilkington, and M. R. Ameri. 2018. “Minimal building fragility portfolio for damage assessment of communities subjected to Tornadoes.” J. Struct. Eng. 144 (7): 04018072. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002047.
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2017a. “National coastal population report: Population trends from 1970 to 2020.” Accessed October 1, 2017. https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/training/population-report.html.
NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 2017b. “Natural hazard statistics.” Accessed October 1, 2017. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtml.
Pielke Jr., R. A., J. Gratz, C. W. Landsea, D. Collins, M. A. Saunders, and R. Musulin. 2008. “Normalized hurricane damage in the United States: 1900–2005.” Nat. Hazards Rev. 9 (1): 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2008)9:1(29).
Quealy, K. 2017. “The cost of Hurricane Harvey: Only one recent storm comes close.” New York Times. Accessed October 1, 2017. https://nyti.ms/2wYPwtR.
Reed, T. D., D. V. Rosowsky, and S. D. Schiff. 1997. “Uplift capacity of light-frame rafter to top plate connections.” J. Archit. Eng. 3 (4): 156–163. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0431(1997)3:4(156).
Sebastian, A., J. Proft, J. C. Dietrich, W. Du, P. B. Bedient, and C. N. Dawson. 2014. “Characterizing hurricane storm surge behavior in Galveston Bay using the SWAN + ADCIRC model.” Coastal Eng. 88: 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2014.03.002.
Thompson, E. F., and C. L. Vincent. 1985. “Significant wave height for shallow water design.” J. Waterw. Port Coastal Ocean Eng. 111 (5): 828–842. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1985)111:5(828).
Tomiczek, T., A. Kennedy, and S. Rogers. 2014. “Collapse limit state fragilities of wood-framed residences from storm surge and waves during Hurricane Ike.” J. Waterw. Port Coastal Ocean Eng. 140 (1): 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000212.
Tomiczek, T., A. Kennedy, Y. Zhang, M. Owensby, M. E. Hope, N. Lin, and A. Flory. 2017. “Hurricane damage classification methodology and fragility functions derived from Hurricane Sandy’s effects in Coastal New Jersey.” J. Waterw. Port Coastal Ocean Eng. 143 (5): 04017027. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000409.
Unnikrishnan, V. U., and M. Barbato. 2016. “Performance-based comparison of different storm mitigation techniques for residential buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (6): 04016011. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001469.
van de Lindt, J. W., and T. N. Dao. 2009. “Performance-based wind engineering for wood-frame buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 135 (2): 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:2(169).
Vann, W. P., and J. R. McDonald. 1978. An engineering analysis: Mobile homes in a windstorm. Lubbock, TX: Institute for Disaster Research, College of Engineering, Texas Tech Univ.
Westerink, J. J., C. A. Bain, R. A. Luettich Jr., and N. W. Scheffner. 1994. ADCIRC: An advanced three-dimensional circulation model for shelves, coasts, and estuaries. Washington, DC: US Army Corps of Engineers.
Wilkins, J. G., and R. E. Emmer. 2008. “Review of land use planning in coastal Louisiana: Recommendations for protection from natural hazards.” In Proc., Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conf. 2008. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 8, 2018
Accepted: Jul 12, 2018
Published online: Oct 25, 2018
Published in print: Jan 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Mar 25, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.